Introduction to Animals

1
Introduction to Animals
2
What is an Animal?

• Members of Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic
• Cells have no cell wall

3
All animals in 2 categories

• Invertebrates
• 95
• Have no backbone or vertebral column
• Size range from dust mites to giant squid (20m)
• Vertebrates
• 5
• Have a backbone

4
What Animals Do to Survive

• Feed
• Respire
• Circulate
• Excrete
• Respond
• Move
• Reproduce

5
Feeding

• Examples of some of the diversity of feeding
  strategies
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Filter
• Detritivores
• Symbiotic relationships

6
Respiration

• take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
• Some can do this through their skin others have
  organ systems

7
Circulation

• Open circulatory system blood is not always
  contained within a network of blood vessels
• Closed circulatory system blood is contained
  within a network of blood vessels

8
Excretion

• Primary waste product of metabolism is ammonia
• Ammonia is poisonous so must be eliminated

Structure for eliminating wastes
Bat guano (waste)
9
Response and Movement

• Response resulting from nerve cells (varies
  widely based on phylum)
• Movement using muscle or muscle-like tissues.
  Work in conjunction with supportive skeleton.

10
Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction helps create and maintain
  genetic diversity
• Helps improve species abilities to evolve when
  the environment changes
• Asexual reproduction produces offspring identical
  to parent
• Allows animals to increase numbers rapidly

11
Jellyfish Life Cycle
12
Trends in Animal Evolution

• Complex animals tend to have
• high levels of cell specialization and internal
  body organization,
• bilateral symmetry,
• a front end or head with sense organs,
• and a body cavity.

13
Kingdom Animalia
Arthropods
Annelids
Echinoderms
Chordates
Mollusks
Roundworms
Flatworms
Cnidarians
Sponges
14
Phylum Chordata
Mammals
Reptiles
Birds
Amphibians
Fishes
Nonvertebrate chordates