An-Najah National University

1
An-Najah National University Chemical Engineering
Department
Graduation Project
Extraction of Essential Oils
Prepared by Mohammad Jarrar Mohammad Yaseen Tareq
Bourini Yazid Husni Odeh
Supervisor Dr.Husni Odeh
2
Objectives
3
Objectives

• The aim of our project is to extract oils from
  seeds such as lemon, pumpkin, aniseed and
  grape. And from plants such as thyme, lavender,
  sage, rosemary, mint, lemon peels and leaves.
• Essential oils have an economical value,
  marketing value and industrial value in both
  local and international markets.

4
Definition
5

• Essential Oils 
• Essential oils may be defined as volatile
  odoriferous oils of vegetables origin.
• Essential oils are aromatic substances widely
  used in the Perfume industry, Food and Flavoring,
  Cosmetics, and Pharmaceutical Products.
• They have high value in economic since they enter
  a wide range of industry.

6
Extraction Methods
7

• Extraction Methods
• 1. Distillation includes
• Steam distillation.
• Water distillation.
• 2. Expression (cold pressing)
• 3. Solvent extraction.
• 4. Maceration.
• 5. Enfluerage.
• 6. Super critical carbon dioxide.

8

• Extraction oils from some plants and seeds
• Plants ( by steam distillation)
• Rosemary, Sage, Thyme, Mint, Lavender, Lemon Peel
  and Lemon Leaves.
• Seeds (by solvent extraction)
• Grape seeds, Aniseeds, Lemon seeds and Pumpkin
  seeds.
• Mint

9

• Solvent extraction
• Essential oils can be extracted by using
  solvents such as ethanol and hexane.

10

• Steam Distillation
• The hot steam helps to release the aromatic
  molecules from the plant material since the steam
  forces open the pockets in which the oils are
  kept in it.

11
Properties and Uses
12

• The plants and seeds are
• Rosemary
• Sage
• Lavender
• Thyme

13

• Mint Lemon leaves
• Jasmine Lemon seeds
• Lemon peel Aniseed

14
Rosemary oil

• Rosemary oil is effective for asthma, bronchitis
  and whooping cough.
• Some of its products are rosemary oil hair
  shampoos.
• Sage oil
• It is effective to stimulate the digestion and
  specially a bad appetite.
• Sage oil filled in bottles and used as lotion.

15
Grape seeds oil

• It treats a range of health problems including
  dark cycles under eyes, diabetes and
  hypertension.
• Jasmine Oil
• The jasmine oil used for coughing and nervous
  debility, treats headaches, eliminate the stress
  and depression.

16
Mint Oil

• Mint oil is excellent for mental fatigue and
  depression, refreshing the spirit and stimulating
  mental ability and improving concentration.
• Pumpkin seeds oil
• In treating cancer, leukemia, sclerosis, or
  various diseases which are hard to cure, pumpkin
  seeds have an energizing role. And also used in
  treating the prostate

17
Aniseed oil

• Aniseed oil is widely used as flavoring
  ingredients in all major categories. It also is
  used to flavor tobacco products, mouthwashes and
  toothpaste and Aniseed oil soap.
• Lemon peel oil
• Lemon oil can be used in a base cream, in a
  lotion or as a mouthwash, for mouth ulcers and
  throat infections and for oily
• skin and it is used as air sterilizer.

18
Lemon leaves oil

• Lemon leaves oil are used in cosmetics products.
• It is used in popular floral perfumes and body
  scents.
• Thyme oil
• It fortifies the lungs and helps with colds,
  coughs, asthma, whooping cough and sore throats.

19
Lavender oil

• It is very effective for treating headache, acne,
  athlete's foot and earache.
• Lavender oil has many products mainly in
  cosmetics.
• Lemon seed oil
• It is mainly used in cosmetics

20
Experimental Work
21

• Solvent extraction
• This method was used to extract oil from
  different seeds (lemon seed, aniseed, pumpkin
  seed and grape seed) at room temperature and
  using ethanol and n-hexane as a solvents. The
  next figure shows the main steps for extraction
  essential oil

22

• Main solvent extraction steps

23

• Amount of 150 g lemon seeds were grinded in house
  grinder and put in 1000 ml beaker, then amount of
  450 ml ethanol was poured to them, so the solid
  liquid ratio is roughly 13.
• A mixture of grinded seed and ethanol were mixed
  in the beaker by using mixer for three hours .
• Suction filtration was used in order to separate
  the liquid from other solid material. 
• Rotary evaporator device was used to separate
  the oil from the ethanol.

24

• 10 ml of pure lemon seeds oil was obtained from
  this experiment.
• In addition of lemon seed oil, pure oil was
  extracted from different seeds such as ( pumpkin
  seed , aniseed and grape seed) by using different
  quantities and two different solvents (ethanol
  and n-hexane).

25
 Steam distillation
26

• Steam distillation apparatus was modified by
  adding a valve in the bottom of the apparatus .
• Each type of treated plants was collected before
  doing
• its experiment, and then the bad parts were
  removed, after that the plant was cleaned
  perfectly and cut for small pieces.
• The steam generator was switched on to produce
  steam for the experiment, the treated plant was
  put in the apparatus after it was prepared,
  cooling water valve was switched on for
  condensing vapor and the steam was introduced
  from the bottom of the retort at low flow .

27

• The liquid produced was filled in bottle as shown
  in figure below

28
Separation the oils from condensed liquid

• Normal hexane was added to the condensed liquid
  and it was mixed together, two layers were
  appeared by using separatory funnel the first
  layer is water and the second layer is oil and
  solvent. The oil was separated from the solvent
  by using rotary evaporator.

29

• In many cases when the amount of oil was
  relatively enough (gt2ml), the oil is sucked by
  using dropper . This is the best method to
  recover more than 80 of the oil gathered at the
  top surface of water. This was practical method
  to separate rosemary oil, lemon peels, mint and
  lavender.

30

• The following figure shows sample of mint oil at
  the surface of the liquid

31
Discussion and Results
32

• The seeds are grinded by using an electrical
  machine to increase the surface area at which the
  contact between the solvent and the grinded seeds
  occur to get the largest amount of oil, the
  grinded seeds and the solvent was placed under
  the mixer in beaker for about 3 hours in order to
  achieve good mixing and to improve the contact
  between them.
• The suction filtration was used in order to
  separate the liquid which contains the oil and
  the solvent from the solid part. The rotary
  evaporator was used to separate the oil from the
  solvent and it was operated under vacuum pressure
  to allow solvent removal at low temperature.

33
Quantities of oil extracted by different seeds
34
Steam distillation

• The steam was operated at low flow to minimize
  the amount of water produced the treated plant
  was cut for small parts to allow the steam to
  open the pockets which contain oil. Three
  condensers were used the first one is installed
  on the apparatus, the second one is coil in cold
  path of water and the third one is flask in cold
  path of water to get the largest possible
  quantity of oil and to halt any escape of
  essential oil from the system. The temperature
  and pressure were carefully controlled to avoid
  burning the oil and it was about 100 C and 1 bar.

35
The amount of oil extracted and process condition
36
Conclusion Recommendation
37

• Steam distillation method was used for extraction
  the essential oil from plants which are Sage,
  rosemary, thyme, lavender, lemon leaves and lemon
  peel since this method is very suitable and the
  hot steam was able to open the pockets in which
  the oil exist.
• Solvent extraction method was used for
  extraction the essential oil from lemon seeds,
  aniseeds, pumpkin seeds and grape seeds and this
  method give the largest possible amount of oil
  and the solvent used in it available and it can
  be removed by rotary evaporator.

38

• In steam distillation apparatus, condensation
  process was modified by installing another two
  condensers in order to catch the high volatile
  oil which is very volatile and can escape rapidly
  from the system
• In order to increase the amount of oil and
  prevent losing of the volatile oil, the coil must
  be modified to prevent accumulation of water and
  to get the quantity of oil produced without
  losing. The next figure shows the modification
  process

39
(No Transcript)
40
Thanks For Listening