Ch. 5

1
Ch. 5

• M. Siebert

2
Major Indian Wars

• Sandcreek Massacre
• Fettermans Massacre/Battle of a Hundred Slain
• Battle of Little Big Horn/Custers Last Stand
• Battle of Wounded Knee

3
Sandcreek Massacre

• Key Players John Evans (Governor of Colorado),
  General R.S. Curtis, John Chivington (Colonel of
  First Colorado Calvary), Cheyenne
• Gold discovered in CO, which caused settlers to
  pour into area
• Cheyenne were raiding American settlers homes

4
Sandcreek Massacre Continued

• John Evans gives Cheyenne who do not want to go
  to war, to go to Sandcreek
• John Chivington led his Calvary to Sandcreek and
  they brutally murdered approximately 150 Cheyenne
  (mainly women and children)

5
Wounded Knee

• Ghost Dance
• December 1890, police went to arrest Sitting
  Bull, Sitting Bull killed
• 350 Sioux sent to camp at Wounded Knee creek in
  SD
• 300 Sioux killed
• Marked the end of the Indian Wars

6
Key Legislation

• Homestead Act
• 160 acres of land to head of household if worked
  the land for 5 years
• Encouraged Westward expansion
• Govt. Wanted land to be cultivated
• Dawes Act
• 1887 Congress passed to Americanize the Native
  Americans
• Broke up reservations (160 acres to households,
  80 acres to single adults, govt sold rest of land
  to settlers)

7
Trouble for Farmers

• Prices for crops falling
• Due to Deflation it was hard for the farmers to
  make a profit
• Farmers unable to pay mortgages
• Railroads had high rates for farmers for shipping
  and storage

8
Farmers Alliance

• The Grange was organized for farmers (for social
  and educational purposes) spent most energy
  fighting railroads
• Grange gave rise to other alliances
• These alliances gave birth to Populism

9
Populism

• Meaning - Movement of the people
• When formed 1892
• Goals
• Increase Money Supply
• Graduated Income Tax
• Federal Loan Program
• 8 hr workday
• Direct election for Senators
• Restrict immigration
• Secret Ballot

10
Key Election - 1896

• Populist Party did well in elections during 1892
  and 1894, still a 3rd party trying to gain power
• 1896 was a critical election
• William McKinley (Rep)
• William Jennings Bryan (Both Dem and Populist)
• Key issue- backed by gold? or gold and silver
  (bimetallism)
• Bryan delivered Cross of Gold speech at
  Democratic convention

11
William Jennings Bryan
William McKinley
12
Excerpt from Cross of Gold

• If they dare to come out in the open field and
  defend
• The gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight
• them to the uttermost, having behind us the
• producing masses of the nation and the world.
• Having behind us the commercial interests and the
• laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we
  shall
• answer their demands for a gold standard by
  saying
• to them, you shall not press down upon the brow
  of
• labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify
• mankind upon a cross of gold.

13
Gold Bugs v. Silverites

• Silverites
• Farmers/Laborers
• Bimetallism
• More Circulating
• High Prices

• Gold Bugs
• Bankers/Business
• Gold
• Less Circulating
• Low Prices

14
End of Populism

• William McKinley won the election of 1896
• Marked end of Populism
• Democrat party took many aspects of the Populist
  partys platform

15
Large Group Analysis Doc A

• What does Document A tell about business
  sympathies?
• How does Doc A illustrate the need for the secret
  ballot?
• How does Doc A help explain Bryans defeat?

16
Large Group Analysis Doc B

• What are some symbols in this cartoon?
• For whom does the cartoon suggest the laborer
  vote? Why?

17
Large Group Analysis Doc C

• How many electoral votes did each candidate
  receive?
• How many states did each candidate carry?
• What states or sections are traditionally
  considered agricultural?
• What states or sections are traditionally
  industrial?
• Which sections had the largest population?
• How does the map suggest the sectional appeal of
  each candidate?

18
What was the importance of the Populists in
American History?