CNC Machine Language

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CNC Machine Language
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CNC Machine Language
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G-Code

• G-Code is one of a number of computer code
  languages that are used to instruct CNC machining
  devices what motions they need to perform such as
  work coordinates, canned cycles, and multiple
  repetitive cycles. Industry has standardized on
  G-Code as its basic set of CNC machine codes.

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• G-Code is the most popular programming language
  used for programming CNC machinery. Some G words
  alter the state of the machine so that it changes
  from cutting straight lines to cutting arcs.
  Other G words cause the interpretation of numbers
  as millimeters rather than inches. Some G words
  set or remove tool length or diameter offsets.

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There are other codes the type codes can be
thought of like regiester in a computer

• X absolute position
• Y absolute position
• Z absolute position
• A position (rotary around X)
• B position (rotary around Y)
• C position (rotary around Z)
• U Relative axis parallel to X)

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• V Relative axis parallel to Y
• W Relative axis parallel to Z
• M code (another "action" register or Machine
  code())(otherwise referred to as a
  "Miscellaneous" function"
• F feed rate
• S spindle speed
• N line number
• R Arc radius or optional word passed to a
  subprogram/canned cycle
• P Dwell time or optional word passed to a
  subprogram/canned

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• T Tool selection
• I Arc data X axis
• J Arc data Y axis.
• K Arc data Z axis, or optional word passed to a
  subprogram/canned cycle
• D Cutter diameter/radius offset
• H Tool length offset

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Below is a complete listing of current codes

• G00Rapid Linear Interpolation
• G01Linear Interpolation
• G02Clockwise Circular Interpolation
• G03Counter Clockwise Circular Interpolation
• G04Dwell
• G05High Speed Machining Mode
• G10Offset Input By Program

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• G12Clockwise Circle With Entrance And Exit Arcs
• G13Counter Clockwise Circle With Entrance And
  Exit Arcs
• G17X-Y Plane Selection
• G18Z-X Plane Selection
• G19Y-Z Plane Selection
• G28Return To Reference Point
• G34Special Fixed Cycle (Bolt Hole Circle)

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• G35Special Fixed Cycle (Line At Angle)
• G36Special Fixed Cycle (Arc)
• G37Special Fixed Cycle (Grid)
• G40Tool Radius Compensation Cancel
• G41Tool Radius Compensation Left
• G42Tool Radius Compensation Right
• G43Tool Length Compensation

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• G44Tool Length Compensation Cancel
• G45Tool Offset Increase
• G46Tool Offset Decrease
• G50.1Programmed Mirror Image Cancel
• G51.1Programmed Mirror Image OnG52Local
  Coordinate Setting
• G54 - G59Work Coordinate Registers 1 Thru 6
• G60Unidirectional Positioning
• G61Exact Stop Check Mode

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• G65Macro Call (Non Modal)
• G66Macro Call (Modal)
• G68Programmed Coordinate Rotation G69Coordinate
  Rotation Cancel
• G73Fixed Cycle (Step)
• G74Fixed Cycle (Reverse Tapping)
• G76Fixed Cycle (Fine Boring)
• G80Fixed Cycle Cancel
• G81Fixed Cycle (Drilling / Spot Drilling)
• G82Fixed Cycle (Drilling / Counter Boring)
• G83Fixed Cycle (Deep Hole Drilling)
• G84Fixed Cycle (Tapping)
• G85Fixed Cycle (Boring)

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• G86Fixed Cycle (Boring)
• G87Fixed Cycle (Back Boring)
• G88Fixed Cycle (Boring)
• G89Fixed Cycle (Boring)
• G90Absolute Value Command G91Incremental Value
  Command
• G92Work Offset Set

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• G107User macro 1 (sine) sin
• G108User macro 1 (cosine) cos
• G109User macro 1 (arc tangent) tan
• G110User macro (square root)
• G200User macro 1 (unconditional branch)
• G201User macro 1 (zero condition branch)
• G202User macro (negative condition branch)

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Basic ISO CNC Code

• M03, M04, M05 Spindle CW, Spindle CCW, Spindle
  Stop
• M08, M09 Coolant/lubricant On, Coolant/lubricant
  Off
• M02 Program Stop
• M30 Program end, rewind
• M98 Subprogram call
• M99 Return to call program

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• M00, M01 Program stop, optional stop
• G96, G97 Constant surface speed, Constant Spindle
  speed
• G50 Maximum spindle speed
• G95, G94 Feed mm per revolution, feed mm/min
• G00, G01 rapid movement, Linear Interpolation
  (cutting in a straight line)
• F Feed
• S Spindle Speed

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Example

• This is a generic program that demonstrates the
  use of G-Code to turn a 1" diameter X 1" long
  part. Assume that a bar of material is
  in the machine and that the bar is slightly
  oversized in length and diameter and that the bar
  protrudes by more than 1" from the face of the
  chuck. (Caution This is generic, it might not
  work on any real machine! Pay particular
  attention to point 5 below.)

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Line Code

• N01
  M216
• N02 G00 X20 Z20
• N03 G50 S2000
• N04
  M01
• N05 T0303 M6
• N06 G96 S854 M42 M03 M08
• N07 G00 X1.1 Z1.1
• N08 G01 Z1.0 F.05

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Line Code

• N09
  X0.0
• N10 G00 Z1.1
• N11 X1.0N12G01 Z0.0
• N13 M05 M09
• N14 G28 G91 X0
• N15
  M215
• N16
  M30

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