Safety in the Workshop

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Safety in the Workshop
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Personal Protective Equipment in the Past

• People have used personal protective equipment
  (PPE) for centuries to protect themselves while
  they work.
• Medieval knights had armour
• Blacksmiths have always used a leather apron

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Cowboys wear leather chaps  Eskimos wear a
heavy parka, gloves, and boots Firemen wear
heavy coats and special helmets Personal
protective equipment today, as in the past, makes
working safer
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• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is
  specialised clothing or equipment worn by
  Students for protection against health and safety
  hazards.

• Personal protective equipment is designed to
  protect many parts of the body, i.e., eyes, head,
  face, hands, feet, and ears.

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• Schools are required to conduct an assessment to
  determine the various physical hazards that may
  be present in your work area.

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• Physical hazards include
• Sources of motion Sources of high and low
  temperatures Sources of light radiation     -
  welding     - brazing     - heat treating    
  - high intensity lights
• Sources of falling objects Sources of sharp
  objects Sources of rolling or pinching objects
  Sources of electric hazards and Floor
  conditions.

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Types of Safety Hazards

• Toxic Gases, Vapours, and Liquids
• Toxic chemicals in the form of gases, vapours,
  and liquids can damage your eyes.
• NOTE Some manufacturing processes produce
  hazardous gases, vapours and liquids. Always
  check with your Teacher to learn the type of eye
  or face protection you will need to use in order
  to work safely.

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Potential Hazards

• Flying Objects or Particles
• Operations such as grinding, Drilling, sanding,
  and hammering often create flying objects or
  particles that can damage your eyes.

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Potential Hazards

• Large objects 
• swinging chains, cables and ropes,
• tools that are thrown or fall,
• any sharp objects such as knives,
  scissors, pencils, etc.
• walking or falling into obstructions can
  damage your eyes or face.

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Potential Hazards

• Electrical Hazards
• Any time you work around electricity, there is
  the potential for arcs and sparks to occur.
• Take time to talk with your Teacher concerning
  the type of eye protection you should wear if you
  will be working around electrical hazards.

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Potential Hazards

• Lasers
• Laser beams present a new hazard in some
  workplaces.
• Because there are different types of lasers,
  check with your Teacher to determine the type of
  eye protection you need to use while working with
  lasers.

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School Responsibilities

• Follow ALL Warnings and Precautions
• Take time to read any and all warnings and
  precautions that may appear on tools, equipment,
  chemicals and personal protective equipment.

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Student Responsibilities 

• Listen and follow the directions that you may be
  given by your Teacher.
• We want you to return home today, and everyday,
  safe and sound to your family and friends.

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• Report any and ALL unsafe conditions you may find
  in your work area to your Teacher.
• REMEMBER Safety is a team effort!

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Eye Injuries

• Thousands of people are blinded each year from
  work related eye injuries.
• Injuries that could have been prevented, if only
  people would have used eye or face protection.

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The Delicate Structure of the Eye

• Your eyes are very delicate. You can think of
  them as the colour television cameras for your
  brain. Like a camera, your eyes include
• - A lens that focuses light  - An iris that
  controls the amount of light that enters
  the eye  - Receptors that "pick up" the image
  of what you see, - An optic nerve that serves as
  a "cable" to transmit information from the
  receptors in your eye to your brain.
• Unlike a television camera that is made of
  plastic and metal, your eye is made of soft
  tissues and blood vessels. Damage your eyes, and
  you have big trouble. Trouble that is often
  permanent.

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• Cornea The front transparent part of the eye,
  protective envelope of the sclera or the white of
  the eye.
• Iris Rear part of the choroid, rich in
  colouring materials and blood vessels. This is
  the eye nourishing tissue. It contracts or
  expands depending on the light intensity.
• Pupil opening at the centre of the iris, the
  diameter of which increases or reduces depending
  on the light intensity.
• Retina Nervous membrane at the back of the eye.
  The retina captures light rays and sends them to
  the brain through the optic nerve.
• Lens Bi-convex transparent lens about 9mm
  diameter. It is composed of flexible fibres laid
  out in layers, and forces light rays to converge
  into the retina to give focused vision. The lens
  may become opaque, and may necessitate a cataract
  operation which removes the lens.

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What Types of Accidents Cause Eye Injuries?

• The major types of accidents that cause blindness
  include
• Objects striking the eye 
• Contact with chemicals and other  hazardous
  materials
• Being struck by swinging objects such as chains
  and ropes
• Viewing radiant energy sources such as welding
  operations or lasers.

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Protective Measures 

• Machine Guards
• Many types of machines such as lathes, grinders,
  and sanders are equipped with guards, shields and
  screens.
• Always make sure that guards, shields, and
  screens are in place and in good working order
  before using these types of machines. And, don't
  forget to wear eye protection.
• If Guards are not in position, tell the teacher.

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Protective Measures

• Work Area Barriers
• Operations such as sanding, grinding, welding,
  and lathe operations produce dust, vapours, and
  flying particles.
• To protect other workers, work area barriers such
  as movable screens and barriers should be set up
  to separate workers and bystanders from hazardous
  operations

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Protective Measures

• Lighting
• Good lighting is important in work areas. Good
  lighting reduces eye strain and glare.
• It also promotes both safety and improved
  productivity.

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Protective Measures

• Signs and Warnings
• Obstructions and protruding objects should be
  identified and marked.
• Use caution when working around obstructions and
  protruding objects.

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Protective Measures

• Safe Work Practices
• As you work
• Read and follow all warnings and precautions
  that may be found on equipment and
  hazardous materials 
• Do not throw tools or participate in horseplay 
• Keep sharp or pointed objects away from
  your eyes and 
• Follow your Teachers instructions for
  working safely.

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Personal Protective Equipment 
Safety Glasses Safety glasses are perhaps the most widely used type of eye protection. While they may look similar to regular glasses, they are much stronger and more resistant to impact and heat than regular glasses. In addition, most safety glasses are equipped with side shields that give you protection from hazards that may not be directly in front of you. Both prescription and non-prescription safety glasses are available. In addition, a wide variety of lens coatings are available for special work situations. Safety glasses should be Z-87 approved to meet OSHA regulations.
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Personal Protective Equipment

• Goggles
• Goggles give you more protection than safety
  glasses because they fit closer to your face and
  surround the eye area,
• Goggles give more protection in situations where
  you might encounter splashing liquids, fumes,
  vapours, powders, dusts, and mists. Different
  types of goggles are available.
• They must indicate that they are chemical splash
  goggles to be worn for that purpose.

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Personal Protective Equipment

• Face Shields
• Face shields offer you full face protection and
  are often used around operations which expose you
  to molten metal, chemical splashes, or flying
  particles. Many face shields can be used while
  wearing a hard hat.
• NOTE You should always wear safety glasses or
  goggles when using a face shield for added
  protection. Face shields alone are NOT considered
  adequate eye protection.

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Care of Eye Protection Equipment 

• You can usually use mild soap and water.
• You may also use special wipes that are designed
  for cleaning protective eye equipment.
• Never use abrasive soaps, rough paper, or cloth
  towels. These items will scratch and damage
  your equipment.
• Always keep your eye protection equipment in good
  working condition. If it is damaged, have it
  repaired or replaced.
• Store your eye protection equipment in
  a sanitary, cool, dry area away from moisture. 
• Read the manufacturer's directions and   warnings
  before using any eye protection equipment. 
• If you have any questions concerning your
  eye protection equipment, talk with your Teacher.

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Why Hand Protection is Important

• Take a moment to hold your hands out in front of
  you. Look at them. They are the only two hands
  you will ever have. 
• It has been estimated that almost 20 of all
  disabling accidents on the job involve the hands.
  Without your fingers or hands, your ability to
  work would be greatly reduced.
• Human hands are unique. No other creature in the
  world has hands that can grasp, hold, move, and
  manipulate objects like human hands. They are one
  of your greatest assets. And, as such, must be
  protected and cared for.

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Potential Hazards

• Traumatic Injuries
• You can suffer a traumatic injury to your hands
  in many ways. 
• - Tools and machines with sharp edges can cut
  your hands. - Staples, screwdrivers, nails,
  chisels, and stiff wire can puncture your hands. 
  - Getting your hands caught in machinery
  can sprain, crush, or remove your hands
  and fingers.

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Preventative Measures 

• Engineering Controls
• Machine guards and safety mechanisms are designed
  to protect your hands and fingers.
• WARNING Never remove machine guards or bypass
  safety mechanisms. Check with your Schools
  lockout-tag-out procedures before attempting to
  put your hands into machinery.

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Preventative Measures 

• Housekeeping and Hygiene
• Poorly maintained machinery, tools, sloppy work
  areas, and cluttered aisles all contribute to
  hand injuries.
• Good hygiene includes hand-washing. Hand-washing
  helps to remove germs and dirt from your hands.
  Clean hands are less susceptible to infection and
  other skin problems such as contact dermatitis.

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Remember!  Your hands are one of your greatest assets. Protect them!
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Why Head Protection is Important 

• Your head is a very delicate part of your body.
  In and around your head are 
• Your eyes, with which you see 
• Your ears, with which you hear 
• Your nose, with which you smell 
• Your mouth, with which you eat and speak and 
• Your brain, with which you think.
• Injuries to the head are very serious. For this
  reason, head protection and safety are very
  important.

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Potential Hazards

• Impact to the Head
• Falling or flying objects are a common cause of
  head injuries.
• Also, falling or walking into hard objects can
  cause head injuries.
• These injuries include neck sprains, concussions
  and skull fractures.

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Potential Hazards

• Electrical Shocks
• Accidents involving electricity result in
  electrical shocks and burns.

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Why Foot Protection is Important

• Scientists and engineers for centuries have
  marvelled at the design and structure of the
  human foot. The human foot is rigid enough to
  support the weight of your entire body, and yet
  flexible enough to allow you to run, dance, play
  sports, and to take you anywhere you want to go.
• Without your feet and toes, your ability to work
  at your job would be greatly reduced.

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Potential Hazards 

• Impact Injuries
• If you have ever stubbed your toe, you know that
  impact injuries can hurt.
• At work, heavy objects can fall on your feet.
• If you work around sharp objects, you can step on
  something sharp and puncture your foot.

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Potential Hazards 

• Compression Injuries
• Heavy machinery, equipment, and other objects can
  roll over your feet.
• The result of these types of accidents is often
  broken or crushed bones.

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Potential Hazards

• Slipping
• Oil, water, soaps, wax, and other chemicals can
  cause you to slip and fall.

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Preventative Measures

• Housekeeping
• Poorly maintained machinery, tools, sloppy work
  areas, and cluttered aisles all contribute to
  foot injuries.

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Remember!  Your Feet are one of your greatest assets. Protect them!
Remember! Your feet are one of your greatest
assets. Protect them!
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Safety Test

• 29 Questions
• Students need to score 70 to pass