Universe 8/e Freedman & Kaufmann

1
Roger A. Freedman William J. Kaufmann III
Universe Eighth Edition
CHAPTER 1 Astronomy and the Universe
2
Homework 1 Online quiz for Chapter 1 (see
syllabus for URL) DUE Friday 9/3 by 5 PM
3
(No Transcript)
4
By reading this chapter, you will learn

• 1-1 What distinguishes the methods of science
  from other
• human activities
• 1-2 How exploring other planets provides insight
  into the origins of the solar system and the
  nature of our Earth
• 1-3 Stars have a life cyclethey form, evolve
  over millions or billions of years, and die
• 1-4 Stars are grouped into galaxies, which are
  found throughout the universe

• 1-5 How astronomers measure the positions and
  sizes of celestial objects
• 1-6 How to express very large or very small
  numbers in convenient notation
• 1-7 Why astronomers use different units to
  measure distances in space
• 1-8 What astronomy can tell us about our place in
  the universe

5
Which of the following statements is true?

1. A solar system may contain billions of stars.
2. Stars are spread out more or less uniformly
   throughout the Universe.
3. The Milky Way contains a variety of solar
   systems, stars, and galaxies.
4. A galaxy contains billions of stars.
5. A solar system contains billions of galaxies.

Q1.13
6
Which of the following statements is true?

1. A solar system may contain billions of stars.
2. Stars are spread out more or less uniformly
   throughout the Universe.
3. The Milky Way contains a variety of solar
   systems, stars, and galaxies.
4. A galaxy contains billions of stars.
5. A solar system contains billions of galaxies.

Q1.13
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
The separation between the two pointer stars of
the Big Dipper is 5 degrees. What is this
separation in arcminutes?

1. 50
2. 60
3. 300
4. 500
5. 18,000

Q1.4
14
The separation between the two pointer stars of
the Big Dipper is 5 degrees. What is this
separation in arcminutes?

1. 50
2. 60
3. 300
4. 500
5. 18,000

A1.4
15
(No Transcript)
16
What lengths are most conveniently measured in
units of nanometers (10-9 m)?

1. Distances between the planets
2. Distances between cities on Earth
3. Dimensions of the human body
4. Wavelengths of visible light
5. Diameter of an atom

Q1.6
17
What lengths are most conveniently measured in
units of nanometers (10-9 m)?

1. Distances between the planets
2. Distances between cities on Earth
3. Dimensions of the human body
4. Wavelengths of visible light
5. Diameter of an atom

A1.6
18
(No Transcript)
19
What lengths are most conveniently measured in
astronomical units (AU)?

1. Distances on the Earth
2. Distances within the solar system
3. Distances between stars in our Galaxy
4. Distances between galaxies
5. Only the largest distances in the universe

Q1.5
20
What lengths are most conveniently measured in
astronomical units (AU)?

1. Distances on the Earth
2. Distances within the solar system
3. Distances between stars in our Galaxy
4. Distances between galaxies
5. Only the largest distances in the universe

A1.5
21
(No Transcript)
22
What is the approximate diameter of our Galaxy,
the Milky Way?

1. 50 106 km
2. 50 astronomical units
3. 50 light-years
4. 50 kiloparsecs
5. 10 million light-years

Q1.8
23
What is the approximate diameter of our Galaxy,
the Milky Way?

1. 50 106 km
2. 50 astronomical units
3. 50 light-years
4. 50 kiloparsecs
5. 10 million light-years

Q1.8
24
Key Ideas

• Astronomy, Science, and the Nature of the
  Universe The universe is comprehensible. The
  scientific method is a procedure for formulating
  hypotheses about the universe. These are tested
  by observation or experimentation in order to
  build consistent models or theories that
  accurately describe phenomena in nature.
• Observations of the heavens have helped
  scientists discover some of the fundamental laws
  of physics. The laws of physics are in turn used
  by astronomers to interpret their observations.
• The Solar System Exploration of the planets
  provides information about the origin and
  evolution of the solar system, as well as about
  the history and resources of Earth.
• Stars and Nebulae Studying the stars and nebulae
  helps us learn about the origin and history of
  the Sun and the solar system.

25
Key Ideas

• Galaxies Observations of galaxies tell us about
  the origin and history of the universe.
• Angular Measure Astronomers use angles to denote
  the positions and sizes of objects in the sky.
  The size of an angle is measured in degrees,
  arcminutes, and arcseconds.
• Powers-of-Ten Notation is a convenient shorthand
  system for writing numbers. It allows very large
  and very small numbers to be expressed in a
  compact form.
• Units of Distance Astronomers use a variety of
  distance units. These include the astronomical
  unit (the average distance from Earth to the
  Sun), the light-year (the distance that light
  travels in one year), and the parsec.