Final exam review

1
Final exam review

• Psychology 100
• 5/4/05

2
Memory

• 1. Bob the bachelor has to reject one of the
  four women remaining in the contest to be his
  wife. He decides to reject Brooke, the only one
  of the women with blonde hair. He does not
  realize when making his decision that she reminds
  him of Trista, a woman who rejected him
  previously. Bobs rejection of Brooke is related
  to his ________ memory.

3
Memory

• Semantic
• Projective
• Explicit
• Implicit

4
Memory

• 2. Matt asks an interesting woman in his
  psychology class for her name. She says her name
  is Julia Gardner. If Matt wanted to encode her
  name into his long-term memory he should use

5
Memory

• Visual encoding, keeping her face in mind.
• Maintenance rehearsal, saying her name over and
  over again in his head.
• Elaborative rehearsal, relating her name to
  gardening or something meaningful.
• Acoustic encoding, thinking of words that rhyme
  with her name.

6
Memory

• 3. Alix studies hard for a french exam all
  morning and afternoon on Sunday. When she feels
  sure she understands the French material, she
  decides to study Spanish vocabulary for just an
  hour before going to bed. Unfortunately, the
  next day when she takes the French exam, she
  finds that she has forgotten a lot of the French
  material, but remembers the Spanish words. Alix
  most likely forgot her French due to __________
  interference.

7
Memory

• Retroactive
• Proactive
• Retrograde
• Anterograde

8
Memory

• 4. Marge is angry at Bart for getting another
  detention at school, and she yells at him about
  all the other times he acted badly, like when he
  beheaded the town statue and when he stole candy
  bars from the market. Because she is angry,
  Marge remembers Barts past negative behaviors
  more easily. This is explained by

9
Memory

• Context-dependent memory
• The mood congruency effect
• Methods of saving
• Incomplete knowledge

10
Memory

• 5. During one of Wee-mans stunts, he lost
  control of his skate-board and hit the ground
  head first. Ever since this accident, he can no
  longer form new memories. Wee-man is probably
  suffering from _______ due to a damaged ________.

11
Memory

• Retrograde amnesia amygdala
• Anterograde amnesia amygdala
• Retrograde amnesia hippocampus
• Anterograde amnesia hippocampus

12
Memory

• 6. Sylvia is going grocery shopping and needs to
  pick up the following strawberries, tofu,
  apples, ice-cream, nuts, and dressing. She
  decides to use the letters of her favorite band
  (Staind) to remember the items. At the store,
  Sylvia remembers the entire list thanks to her
  use of

13
Memory

• Mnemonics
• Method of loci
• Episodic encoding
• Implicit memory

14
Cognition

• 1. Danny is looking for saltine crackers in the
  grocery store, but he doesnt know where they
  are. So, he decides to walk up and down every
  aisle in the store, knowing that if he does this
  he will eventually find the crackers. This
  strategy is an example of a (n)

15
Cognition

• Mental model
• Cognitive map
• Algorithm
• Syllogism

16
Cognition

• 2. Alice and the white rabbit are competing to
  see who can put red paint on the most roses
  before the Queen of Hearts comes back to her
  garden to take off their heads. The white rabbit
  is painting the roses faster than Alice,
  therefore he should make ________ errors than
  Alice according to the ________ principle of
  reaction time.

17
Cognition

• More speed-accuracy tradeoff
• More stimulus-response compatibility
• Less speed-accuracy tradeoff
• Less stimulus-response compatibility

18
Cognition

• 3. Jim is walking his dog, Duke, when he
  realizes that he forgot to bring along Dukes
  leash. However, he is delighted to discover an
  old plastic bag in his pocket, which he twists
  into a rope and ties to Dukes collar. Jim was
  able to overcome which obstacle to problem
  solving?

19
Cognition

• A mental model
• Schemas
• Ignoring negative evidence
• Functional fixedness

20
Cognition

• 4. Joey is writing a letter to his friend
  Chandler. He wants his writing to sound
  impressive, so he uses the thesaurus function on
  his computer to change some of the words. He
  changes the sentence My character on the soap
  opera was killed to My moral fiber on the soap
  opera was defeated. Joey has changed ________ of
  the sentence.

21
Cognition

• Only the surface structure
• Only the deep structure
• Both the surface structure and the deep structure
• Neither the surface structure nor the deep
  structure

22
Cognition

• 5. Cinderella is excited about meeting a
  potential husband at the ball. Her ideal suitor
  would have some of the following attributes
  tall, dark, handsome, rich, and have good taste
  in glass slippers. At the ball, she hooks up
  with Prince Charming, who has all of these
  features. Cinderellas set of characteristic
  features for her potential husband is called a
  ______ concept, and Prince Charming is a ________.

23
Cognition

• Formal prototype
• Formal schema
• Natural schema
• Natural prototype

24
Cognitive Assessment

• 1. Diana wants to construct an intelligence test
  to administer to her Psych 100 classmates. After
  constructing the first version of the test, she
  asks her friend to take the test on Monday and
  then again on Friday. When she compares the
  results of both tests, she finds that they are
  quite different. Unfortunately, Diana has
  constructed a test that has poor

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Cognitive Assessment

• Validity
• Objectivity
• Norms
• Reliability

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Cognitive Assessment

• 2. Dustin is worried because he has heard that
  cognitive abilities decline in old age. He
  consults a Psych 100 textbook and finds that a
  number of specific abilities do seem to decline.
  Which of the following has NOT been shown to
  decline in old age?

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Cognitive Assessment

• Processing speed
• Flexibility
• Crystallized intelligence
• Control of attention

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Cognitive Assessment

• 3. In order to apply for his current job as a
  clerk at a law firm, Jason was required to take a
  difficult test that measured his previous
  accomplishments and his existing knowledge in the
  area of law. This kind of test is known as a (n)
  _______ test.

29
Cognitive Assessment

• IQ
• Reliable
• Aptitude
• Achievement

30
Motivation

• 1. Britney has taken ballet classes since she
  was very young. She plans to dance a
  well-practiced routine for her upcoming recital
  because it is so easy for her to do. Given what
  we know about motivation, her performance should
  _______ when she is in front of the audience at
  the recital.

31
Motivation

• Improve
• Not be affected
• Decline somewhat
• Decline drastically

32
Motivation

• 2. Recently Carrie started writing for Vogue
  magazine to earn money. Even though she has
  little money, she buys a new pair of shoes so she
  will look stylish for her job. Carries
  motivation to obtain more money is an example of
  a ______ drive and her motivation to buy the
  shoes is an example of a ______ drive.

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Motivation

• Primary secondary
• Secondary secondary
• Primary primary
• Secondary primary

34
Motivation

• 3. While watching Survivor on television, you
  realize that the participants cannot worry about
  creating alliances or making worthy contributions
  until they have first secured a source of food
  and shelter. This phenomenon is explained best
  by ______ theory of motivation.

35
Motivation

• Maslows hierarchy of needs
• The opponent-process
• The incentive
• The arousal

36
Emotion

• 1. Mildred is reading on the Quad when she is
  confronted by a dairy cow that has escaped from
  the South Farms. She feels her heart rate and
  her body temperature increase. Based on these
  physiological changes alone, she experiences
  anger and shouts at the bewildered cow.
  Mildreds response is best described by the _____
  theory of emotion.

37
Emotion

• Cannon-Bard
• James-Lange
• Darwin
• Schacter-Singer

38
Emotion

• 2. The Joker is applying for a job at Villain
  industries. During the interview, he fakes a
  smile so that he will seem interested and
  excited. His voluntary facial expression is
  controlled by the _____ motor system in his brain.

39
Emotion

• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic
• Pyramidal
• Extrapyramidal

40
Health

• 1. Which of the following people is experiencing
  a stressor that falls in the changes and strains
  category?

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Health

• Ross, whose wife just had a baby
• Rachel, who was just in a car accident
• Monica, who spends two hours in traffic each day
  on her way to work
• Chandler, who has to deal with an unfriendly
  coworker every day

42
Health

• 2. Evelyns husband recently died and she is
  supporting her two children. In addition, she is
  struggling to keep her job and has taken on an
  increased workload. Based on what you know about
  stress, Evelyn is most likely to

43
Health

• Have more colds and other respiratory infections
• Show enhanced immune system activity
• Show an increase in natural killer cell activity
• Have a decreased cortisol secretion

44
Health

• 3. Rudolph realizes that he has gotten lost
  while leading all the other reindeer. He is
  experiencing increased blood pressure, enhanced
  muscle tension, increased blood sugar, and
  increased breathing rate. Rudolph is currently
  in the ______ stage of the General Adaptation
  Syndrome.

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Health

• Exhaustion
• Resistance
• Alarm
• Action

46
Health

• 4. Gwen has an overwhelming amount of work to do
  on her new job. When she leaves her office at
  the end of the day she tries not to dwell on what
  still needs to be done, and reminds herself that
  she has done her best that day. This technique
  is known as

47
Health

• Cognitive restructuring
• Behavioral coping
• Pre-emptive coping
• Progressive relaxation

48
Personality

• 1. Homer and Bart find several candy bars under
  their sofa right before dinner. They both start
  to eat the candy until Homer stops and says
  Marge is going to be mad that weve ruined our
  dinner. We should stop eating candy, Bart.
  According to Freuds psychodynamic approach to
  personality, it was Homers and Barts ______
  that compelled them to eat the candy, and Homers
  ______ that convinced them to stop.

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Personality

• Egos superego
• Ids superego
• Ids ego
• Superegos id

50
Personality

• 2. When Stacys husband has had a frustrating
  day at work he is easily irritated and sometimes
  screams at her. He tells himself that he
  wouldnt need to yell at her if she didnt
  irritate him. According to Freud, when Stacys
  husband yells at her, he is employing the defense
  mechanism known as ______, and when he excuses
  his actions he is employing the defense mechanism
  known as ________.

51
Personality

• Denial projection
• Displacement projection
• Denial rationalization
• Displacement rationalization

52
Personality

• 3. John is obsessed with orderliness. For
  example, he has to keep all of his shoes boxed
  and marked according to the date purchased.
  According to the psychodynamic approach to
  personality, John is fixated at the _____ stage.

53
Personality

• Anal
• Phallic
• Oral
• Psychosexual

54
Personality

• 4. Lucheska is described by some of her friends
  as being compassionate, generous, and trusting,
  while others find her to be cold and abrupt.
  According to Allport, these are _______ traits.

55
Personality

• Secondary
• Cardinal
• Central
• Primary

56
Personality

• 5. Tonya was getting into fights at school so
  her teacher sent her to see the school
  psychologist. The psychologist gave her a
  multiple-choice personality test and then
  described her personality based on ten clinical
  scales. Tonya most likely took the ______
  personality test.

57
Personality

• TAT
• Rorschach
• MMPI
• Cattell

58
Personality

• 6. In a recent magazine interview, Dr. Livester,
  a social worker, talked about how satisfying it
  is for her to work with underprivileged people.
  She claimed to be focused on caring for her
  adopted son and trying to make the world a better
  place. She said she had very little need for
  material things. According to Maslow, these
  statements reflect a

59
Personality

• Growth orientation
• Positive regard
• Deficiency orientation
• Positive trait

60
Personality

• 7. Dr. Camel has developed a personality test in
  which people are asked what they see in a series
  of ambiguous pictures. He hopes that the
  repressed anxieties and wishes of the clients
  will become apparent through this procedure. Dr.
  Camel has developed a (n) ________ personality
  test.

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Personality

• Behavioral
• Objective
• Phenomenological
• Projective

62
Personality

• 8. Sonja and Kevin were describing their
  daughter to a friend. Kevin said, Our child is
  a well-adjusted person, and Sonja said, Our
  daughter is kind, generous, loving, and happy,
  but she can also be nervous and worried. In
  this example, Kevin is describing his daughters
  _______, while Sonja is describing her daughters
  ________.

63
Personality

• Social cognitions traits
• Traits social cognitions
• Type traits
• Profile social cognitions

64
Disorders

• 1. Frosty has been feeling sad and overwhelmed
  for several months. He has lost interest in
  favorite hobbies and doesnt even enjoy spending
  time playing with the neighborhood children
  anymore. Frosty is most likely suffering from
  ______ disorder.

65
Disorders

• Dysthymic
• Major depressive
• Cyclothymic
• Bipolar I

66
Disorders

• 2. Tom, a 40 year old engineer, lost his job
  right after his wife left him and took their
  children. He has mounting debts and little
  social support. One day, he disappeared, and he
  was found two months later selling shoes in a
  town several hundred miles away. He said his
  name was Dave and he didnt remember anything
  about his former life. Tom is most likely
  suffering from ______ disorder.

67
Disorders

• Dissociative fugue
• Dissociative amnesia
• Dissociative identity
• Conversion

68
Disorders

• 3. Michael is convinced that he has cancer. He
  goes to the doctor almost every week and demands
  to have multiple tests performed. Although the
  tests end up negative every time, he keeps going
  back to the doctors convinced that he is
  terminally ill. Michael is probably suffering
  from

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Disorders

• Hypochondriasis
• Conversion disorder
• Somatization disorder
• Pain disorder

70
Disorders

• 4. Anna has always been very organized. Lately
  her need for organization has been impairing her
  normal functioning. If anything in her house
  gets out of place she gets extremely upset and
  anxious, and she has to rearrange it immediately.
  Anna is likely experiencing

71
Disorders

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• A phobia
• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder

72
Disorders

• 5. Ebenezer is cruel, selfish, and unscrupulous.
  He cheats in business and doesnt feel the least
  bit guilty about it. Ebenezer would most likely
  be diagnosed with ______ personality disorder.

73
Disorders

• Avoidant
• Histrionic
• Antisocial
• Borderline

74
Disorders

• 6. Rudolph is experiencing anxiety because he
  feels the other reindeer will laugh and call him
  names, and negatively evaluate his sleigh-pulling
  performance. He is also afraid that he will
  embarrass or humiliate himself in front of Santa
  and Mrs. Claus. Rudolph is experiencing

75
Disorders

• Agorophobia
• Social phobia
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Generalized anxiety disorder

76
Therapies

• 1. Nick tells his therapist that he is very
  happy that his wifes video receives more airplay
  on MTV than his own video. Nicks therapist,
  however, points out that Nicks angry facial
  expression is inconsistent with what he says and
  encourages Nick to express his true feelings
  through an imaginary conversation with his wife.
  Nicks therapist is most likely a ________
  therapist.

77
Therapies

• Gestalt
• Client-centered
• Behavioral
• Psychoanalytic

78
Therapies

• April is a licensed professional counselor who
  practices object relations therapy. Therefore,
  Aprils primary goal is to help her clients

79
Therapies

• Expand their self-awareness
• Replace their undesirable thoughts and behaviors
• Correct the effects of failures of early
  attachment
• Explore the meaning of unresolved conscious
  conflicts

80
Therapies

• 3. Luke is receiving therapy for his intense
  fear of french fries. His therapist begins by
  teaching him to relax while looking at pictures
  of french fries. Once Luke no longer feels
  anxious while looking at pictures of french
  fries, his therapist has Luke sit near people
  eating french fries. Eventually, Lukes
  therapist has him actually eat some french fries.
  Lukes therapist is using _______ to eliminate
  french fry phobia.

81
Therapies

• Flooding
• Negative reinforcement
• Systematic desensitization
• Cognitive restructuring

82
Therapies

• 4. Martin is being treated for severe
  depression however, both psychotropic medication
  and psychotherapy have been ineffective and
  Martin continues to be severely depressed and
  suicidal. His therapist will most likely

83
Therapies

• Remove part of Martins amygdala
• Recommend electroconvulsive therapy
• Use hypnosis to help Martin forget depressing
  thoughts
• Resort to the use of punishment and aversive
  conditioning

84
Therapies

• 5. Thelma believes her thoughts are being
  controlled by intergalactic aliens, she hears
  voices telling her that she is an evil demon, and
  she often laughs at inappropriate times. Which
  of the following psychoactive drugs will Thelma
  most likely be given?

85
Therapies

• Anxiolytics
• Neuroleptics
• Lithium
• Tricyclics

86
Social

• 1. Sheila has misbehaved in her math class.
  After being warned once, the teacher demands that
  Sheila move to the other side of the classroom.
  Sheila does so. Sheilas fulfillment of the
  teachers demand is an example of

87
Social

• Conformity
• Compliance
• Obedience
• Cooperation

88
Social

• 2. Alice and Amy both get 500 a month from
  their parents. Alice runs out of money and says
  it is because she has had a lot of unexpected
  educational fees this month. Amy runs out of
  money, and Alice thinks it is because Amy is
  wasteful and thoughtless about finances. Alice
  is demonstrating

89
Social

• The fundamental attribution error
• A self-serving bias
• The actor-observer bias
• Unrealistic optimism

90
Social

• 3. When working on a school project, Harriets
  group decided that someone in the group should
  come up with an outline for the project in time
  for their next meeting. However, the next time
  the group met, it turned out that no one had made
  the outline. None of the members completed the
  task due to

91
Social

• Diffusion of responsibility
• Social impairment
• Social facilitation
• Cooperation

92
Social

• 4. Terry asks her parents to buy her a new car
  for Christmas. When they deny Terrys request,
  she asks them for a new DVD player and a
  computer, which were what she wanted all along.
  Terry is using the ______ strategy to get her
  parents to comply with her request.

93
Social

• Door-in-the-face
• Foot-in-the-door
• Foot-in-the-face
• Low-ball

94
Social

• 5. Kate is very beautiful. Her friends dont
  understand how she can be so interested in Chris,
  who is only moderately attractive. Her friends
  thoughts about Kates and Chriss relationship
  are based on the

95
Social

• Balance hypothesis
• Contact hypothesis
• Matching hypothesis
• Mere exposure effect

96
Social

• 6. Ethel believes that most people are friendly,
  so she is friendly and open to everyone. Her
  friendliness causes others to actually be
  friendly to her, even if they are in a bad mood.
  Ethels behavior appears to be creating a(n)

97
Social

• Explicit attribution
• High consistency attribution
• Implicit attribution
• Self-fulfilling prophesy