INAG 106 Pesticide Use & Safety Course

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INAG 106Pesticide Use Safety Course
Lecture 12 Pesticide Application Calibration

• David Myers
• Extension Educator, Agriculture
• myersrd_at_umd.edu

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PESTICIDE CALCULATIONS

• Determine the amount of product needed
• Formulated Product vs Active Ingredient

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Formulations and Active Ingredient

• Dry formulations will report their active
  ingredient as a by weight
• For example the label for Thalonil states that it
  is a 90 DF product
• Therefore the active ingredient is 90 by weight
  of the container
• If the container weighs 5 lbs then .9 x 5 4.5
  lbs of active ingredient

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Formulations and Active Ingredient

• Liquid formulations will report their active
  ingredient in lbs active ingredient per gallon
  and as by weight
• For example the label for Illoxan states that it
  is a 3 EC formulation
• This means that there is 3 lbs of active
  ingredient per gallon
• If the container size is 5 gallons then one would
  have 5 x 3 15 lbs of active ingredient

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Formulations and Active Ingredient

• For example Diuron 4L is a liquid formulation
• Its active ingredient is 40. To get the amount
  of active ingredient in a gallon one would have
  to multiply .40 by the weight of 1 gallon of this
  material
• Since weight may not be given refer to the lbs
  A.I. / gallon statement

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FORMULATED PRODUCT

• The Label Contains Information On The Amount of
  Product Needed Under the Directions For Use
  Section

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How much Aliette would you need to make up 450
gallons if you plan to use the lowest possible
rate?
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ANSWER
Set up a proportion as follows and solve for x
2.5 lbs 100 gallons
x____ 450 gallons

Label Rate
(100) x (X) (2.5) x (450)
X (2.5) x (450) 100
X 1125 100
X 11.3 lbs of Aliette
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ACTIVE INGREDIENT
If you want to solve for the amount of active
ingredient (A.I.) or if you are given the
application rate in lbs A.I. then use one of the
following formulas.

• DRY MATERIAL
• ( A.I. As a Decimal) (Form. Product) lbs of
  A.I.
• LIQUID MATERIAL
• lbs A.I lbs A.I. Needed
• gallon formulated prod.

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PRACTICE PROBLEM
If a 7.5 G insecticide is recommended at a rate
of 4.5 lbs A.I./A, determine how much of the
formulated product is needed to treat 4 acres?
Use this formula ( A.I.) x (lbs of Formulated
Product) lbs of A.I.
(.075) x (X) 4.5 lbs A.I. X 4.5
.075
A.I. needs to be expressed as a decimal
X 60 lbs of product per acre
Remember you have to treat 4 acres therefore
multiply 60 x 4 to get 240 lbs of insecticide
for the 4 acre area.
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PRACTICE PROBLEM
A 13,300 sq. ft. area needs to be treated with
Daconil 4F. How much Daconil 4F will be needed
if you want to apply 3.5 lbs A.I.per acre.
Use the following formula for a liquid
formulation
4 lbs A.I. 1 gallon
3.5 lbs A.I. X

You need to treat a 13,300 sq. ft. area
Solve for X (4) x (X) (1) (3.5) X
3.5 4 X .88 gallons of
Daconil 4F is needed per acre
13,300 43,560
.305 of an acre

(.88 gallons) X (.305 acre) .27 gallons of
Daconil 4F will be needed.
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ACTIVE INGREDIENT
If you want to make up a spray solution then
the following formulas can be used. One is for a
dry formulation and the other is for a liquid
formulation

• PERCENT CALCULATIONS
• DRY
• (Gallons Spray) ( Spray) (8.3)
  A.I. of Pesticide
• LIQUID
  (Gallons Spray) ( Spray) (8.3)
  (lbs A.I. /Gallon) (100)

8.3 is a constant and represents the weight of 1
gallon of water
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PRACTICE PROBLEM
You want to make up a 1.7 spray of Roundup 4 L.
You have a 250 gallon sprayer which you plan to
fill. How much Roundup will be needed? How much
water will be needed?
Use this formula to solve the problem
( Spray ) ( Spray Volume) ( 8.3) (
lbs A.I./gallon) ( 100 )
Amount of water needed
( 1.7 ) ( 250 ) ( 8.3) ( 4 ) ( 100 )

250 - 8.82 241.18 gallons of water and 8.82
gallons of Roundup will be added to give 250
gallons of spray
3527.5 400

8.82 gallons of Roundup 4 L will be needed
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PRACTICE PROBLEM
You want to make up a .75 spray solution of
Dursban 50 WP. How much Dursban will be needed
if you want to make up a 30 gallons?
Use This Formula
( Spray) ( Gallons of Spray ) ( 8.3 )
( A.I.)
(.75 ) ( 30 ) ( 8.3 ) 50

Note When using the percent mix formulas the
spray and A.I. Values are not entered as
decimals
186.75 50

3.7 lbs of Dursban 50 WP

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PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. If a 2.5G insecticide is applied at the rate
of 3 lbs. A.I./A, how much of the formulated
product is needed to treat 5 acres?
Answer 120 lbs/A and 600 lbs for 5 acres.
2. A 26,500 sq. ft area needs to be treated. The
recommended application much of the formulated
rate is 1.8 lbs A.I./A. The pesticide is
formulated as a 2 EC. How much of the formulated
material will be needed to treat this site?
Answer .55 gallon or 70 oz
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PRACTICE PROBLEMS
3. A 1.7 spray of Weedbgone 4L is required for
excellent weed control. How much Weedbgone will
be needed to treat a 2 acre field? Assume that
you want to mix the product in water and apply
the mixture at 1 gallon per 1,000 sq. ft.
Answer 3.1 gallons
4.A fungicide, Nopatho 50 WP, is recommended at a
2 oz per 1,000 sq. ft. rate on the label. How
much Nopatho fungicide is needed to treat 1.75
acres?
Answer 9.5 lbs
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CALIBRATION EXERCISES

• APRIL 25, 2005

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CALIBRATION
The process by which one determines the
application rate (gallons per acre or pounds
per acre) of equipment under a given set of
conditions.
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APPLICATION EQUIPMENT

• Multipurpose Sprayers Hand Held Units,
  Airblast Sprayers, and Spray Booms
• Broadcast Applicators for Granular Formulations
• Band or Row Applicators for Granular Formulations
• Soil Fumigation Equipment
• Injection and Implantation Equipment for Trees
• Greenhouse Applicators Can Range From Mists,
  Dusters, Drenches, to Foliar Spray Applicators

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APPLICATION EQUIPMENT

• Each Commodity Has a Separate Write Up in the
  Commodity Manuals
• Agricultural Manual 10-15
• Ornamental and Turf Manual
  Nursery and Landscape 24-32 Turf
  40-43
  Greenhouse 51

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WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO CALIBRATE?
Damage was due to poor nozzle distribution.
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Sprayer nozzles set too low thus causing a
streaking effect.
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SPRAYER CALIBRATION

• FOUR VARIABLES THAT ONE CAN ADJUST TO GOVERN
  SPRAY OUTPUT ARE
• 1) NOZZLE TYPE
• 2) NOZZLE SPACING
• 3) SPRAYER SPEED
• 4) SPRAYER PRESSURE

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CONSIDERATIONS IN NOZZLE SELECTION
Nozzle

• Spray Product Catalogs Will Provide Important
  Information In Nozzle Selection
• Nozzle Construction
• Nozzle Pattern
• Nozzle Spacing And Height Above Ground

Screen Which Is Placed Before Nozzle to Prevent
Plugging of Nozzle
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Example of Catalog Information on Nozzle
Selection
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CATALOG INFORMATION INTERPRETATION
65 Degree Nozzle
80 Degree Nozzle
Table Interpretation For nozzle model 650067-SS
it has the following characteristics It is a
65 degree nozzle and can be used between 30 and
60 psi. If used at 50 psi its output would be
.07 gallons per minute (GPM). Also at a 20 inch
spacing and traveling at 5 MPH the application
rate would be 4.5 gallons per acre (GPA).
110 Degree Nozzle
Screen Mesh Size
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PRODUCT CATALOG INTERPRETATION
Based on the previous slide answer the following
questions 1. What would be the GPM of nozzle
model 8001-SS if used at 40 psi?
Answer .1 GPM
2. If this nozzle is placed at a 20 inch spacing
and a sprayer travels at 6 MPH what will its
GPA be?
Answer 5.0 GPA
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CATALOG INFORMATION
The height of the nozzle above the spray boom is
important so as to ensure uniform application.
The table below shows the recommended height for
different spray nozzles spaced at 20 to 40.
NOZZLE HEIGHT
SPRAY ANGLE
20 Spacing
NOZZLE TYPE
30 Spacing
40 Spacing
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NOZZLE CONSTRUCTION

• Brass
• Polymer
• Stainless Steel
• Hardened Stainless Steel
• Ceramic

Nozzles will wear differently based on their
construction . Refer to the following slide on
wear differences.
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Brass nozzles wear much quicker than other types
of nozzles. The ceramic nozzle wears the least.
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This Sprayer Distribution Pattern Shows Good
Coverage Across The Boom
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This Spray Pattern Shows Worn Nozzles Greater
Spray Under Each Tip Will Occur
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NOZZLE PATTERN

• Not every nozzle is created equal ! !
• MAJOR TYPES
  1)Standard Flat Fan
  2)Extended-Range Flat Fan
  3)Even Flat Fan
  4)Twin Flat Fan
  5)Flooding Fan Nozzles
  6)Full Cone
  7)Hollow Cone

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FLAT FAN NOZZLE

• Jack of all trades
• Operating Pressure 30 - 60 psi
• Available in 65 , 80, and 110 degree angles
• Overlapping is required for uniform application
• A preferred nozzle for herbicide application

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EXTENDED-RANGE FLAT FAN NOZZLE

• Similar to Flat Fan but with wider pressure
  range. 15-60 psi.

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EVEN - FLAT FAN NOZZLE

• Applies uniform amount across its spray width
• Used in band applications
• Pressure requirement of 20- 40 psi and available
  in 40 or 60 degree spray angles

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TWIN-FLAT FAN NOZZLE

• Nozzle will have two openings 60 degree
  separation
• Increases penetration into crop canopy
• 30 to 60 psi

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FULL CONE NOZZLE

• Best for pre-plant incorporated herbicides at the
  15-25 psi range. Low pressure and large droplet
  size will reduce drift
• This cone nozzle is used for high volume
  applications
• 40 inch spacing and nozzles need to be angled at
  30 to 45 degrees from vertical to increase
  uniformity

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HOLLOW CONE NOZZLE

• Best suited for Postemergence herbicides. Can
  also do well for placement of insecticides, etc.
• Fits well into low volume applications
• Drop nozzle applications / 40-60 psi

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FLOODING FAN NOZZLE FLOODJET

• Create a wide deflector type flat spray pattern
• Larger orifice reduces clogging
• 10-40 psi range / 40 spacing

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SPRAYER SPEED

• Inverse relationship between speed and
  application rate
• As speed increases application rate decreases
• To determine mph use the following formula
  
  MPH Distance Traveled (ft) x 60
  Time (sec.) x 88

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

• Determine the mph if a sprayer travels 130 ft. in
  40 seconds.
• MPH 130 x 60
  40 x 88
• MPH 7800/3520 2.2 mph

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CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES

• There are numerous methods used in calibrating
  sprayers. Several different techniques and
  formulas will be discussed in class

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Calibration Tools
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CALIBRATIONMethod 1

• Measure off known
• area

• Fill sprayer with water to set level
• Spray known area noting pressure and speed
  settings
• Determine volume used
• Set up an equality to solve for your application
  rate

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CALIBRATION Method 1
Assume area measured off is 50 feet by 60 feet
50 x 60 3000 sq ft.
The volume used was 4 gallons then the equality
is as follows
4 gallons x gallons 3,000 sq. ft 43,560
sq. ft
X 58 gallons per acre (GPA)
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CALIBRATIONFORMULAS Method 2
GPA 5940 x GPM ( of nozzle)
MPH x NW (nozzle spacing
in inches)
GPA 495 x GPM ( of sprayer)
MPH x BW ( boom width in feet)
Conversion Factors
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CALIBRATION

• While the sprayer is running determine the nozzle
  output or boom output by collecting the spray and
  measuring the volume.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the GPA of a sprayer if given the
following information. The nozzle out put
averages .25 GPM and they are spaced at 30
inches. The sprayer will travel at 6 MPH.
Using this formula one can solve for GPA GPA
5940 x GPM MPH x NW GPA 5940
x .25 6 x 30 GPA 8.25
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SAMPLE PROBLEM
Determine the GPA of a sprayer given the
following information The sprayer has 8
nozzles and each nozzle averages .5 GPM. The boom
width is 12 feet and will be traveling at 4 MPH.
GPM is for the entire sprayer (8 nozzles).
Therefore multiply 8 times .5 to get the sprayer
out put of 4 GPM
GPA 495 x GPM MPH x BW
GPA 495 x 4 4 x 12 GPA
41.3 or round off to 41
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Farmer CalibrationOn-Line at http//annearundel.
umd.edu/files/SprayerCalibration.doc
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Farmer Calibration
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Farmer Calibration
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DRY BROADCAST APPLICATION

• Measure a Known Area
• Weigh Product Before One Treats the Area and Note
  Spreader Setting
• Reweigh After Application
• Setup Equality

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DRY BROADCAST APPLICATION

• How much Insecto 5G will be applied per acre
  based on the following information
• Spreader Setting L
• Area for calibration is 50 ft by 80 ft 80x50
  4,000 sq. ft.
• Amount of Insecto 5G placed in spreader was 90
  lbs
• Area is treated and Insecto 5G is reweighed at
  85 lbs. Difference 5 lbs
• Set equality 5 lbs x
  4,000 43,560
• Solve for x (4000) (x) (5) x (43560)

X 54.5 lbs will be applied per acre
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COMPUTERIZATION

• Sprayer Control Systems
• Adjust Pressure and Speed to Deliver Desirable
  GPA Rates

Pictures From Teejet Web Page