The Web and E-mail

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The Web and E-mail
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Chapter Contents

• Section A Web Technology
• Section B Search Engines
• Section C E-commerce
• Section D E-mail
• Section E Web and E-mail Security

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Web Technology

• Web Basics
• HTML
• HTTP
• Web Browsers
• Cookies
• Web Page Authoring
• HTML Scripts

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Web Basics

• The Web is an interlinked collection of document,
  image, video, and sound files
• A Web site contains a collection of related
  information
• Podcasts
• RSS vs. Atom
• Videocasting
• Wiki
• Web 2.0

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Web Basics

• A Web page is the product or output of one or
  more Web-based files displayed in a format
  similar to a page in a book
• A Web browser is client software that displays
  Web page elements and handles links between pages
• Every Web page has a unique address called a URL

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HTML

• Set of specifications for creating documents that
  a browser can display as a Web page
• Markup language
• HTML tags
• XHTML
• DHTML
• Ajax

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HTML
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HTTP
HTTP messages flow between a browser and a Web
server.
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Web Browsers

• Help you access Web pages
• Upgrade to new browser versions as they become
  available
• Popular browsers
• Internet Explorer
• Mozilla Firefox
• Apple Safari
• Netscape Navigator
• Opera

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Web Browsers

• Helper applications extend browsers ability to
  work with file formats
• A plug-in is a type of helper application
• A player is any helper application or plug-in
  that helps a browser display a particular file
  format

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Cookies

• Small chunk of data generated by a Web server and
  stored on computers hard disk
• Fix problems caused by HTTPs stateless protocol
• Relatively safe
• Your computer does not have to accept cookies

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Web Page Authoring

• Text editor
• HTML conversion tool
• Online Web authoring tools
• Web authoring software
• Microsoft FrontPage
• Adobe Dreamweaver
• Nvu

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HTML Scripts

• HTML scripts can perform complicated tasks and
  respond to user actions
• HTML forms
• Server-side script
• Client-side script
• Java applet
• ActiveX control
• Digital Certificate

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Search Engines

• Search Engine Basics
• Formulating Searches
• Citing Web-based Source Material

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Search Engine Basics

• A Web search engine is a program designed to help
  people locate information on the Web by
  formulating simple keyword queries

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Search Engine Basics

• A Web crawler is a computer program that is
  automated to methodically visit Web sites
• A search engine indexer is software that culls
  keywords from a Web page and stores them in a
  database
• A search engines query processor looks for your
  search terms in search engines indexed database
  and returns list of relevant Web sites
• Link popularity is measured by quantity and
  quality of links from one Web page to others
• A meta keyword is entered into a header section
  of a Web page when it is created and is supposed
  to describe the page contents
• Keyword stuffing

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Formulating Searches

• Most search engines work with keyword queries in
  which you enter one or more words, called search
  terms

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Formulating Searches

• A Boolean operator is a word or symbol that
  describes a relationship between keywords,
  helping you create a more focused query

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Citing Web-Based Source
To copy a passage of text from a Web page,
highlight the text, click the Edit menu, then
select Copy. Next, switch to your own document
and use the Paste option.
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Citing Web-Based Source
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E-commerce

• E-commerce Basics
• Online Shopping
• Online Auctions
• Online Payment

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E-commerce Basics

• Business transactions conducted electronically
  over a computer network
• B2C (business-to-consumer)
• C2C (consumer-to-consumer)
• B2B (business-to-business)
• B2G (business-to-government)

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E-commerce Basics

• Enhances traditional business models
• Styles of online advertisements
• Banner ad
• Hover ad
• Pop-up ad
• Click-through rate
• Ad-blocking software prevents ads from
  appearing on screens

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Online Shopping
In a typical shopping session, you connect to an
online storefront and use navigation controls to
browse through the merchants catalog. As you
browse, you can drop items into your electronic
shopping cart. At the checkout counter, you enter
the information necessary to pay for the items
you selected.
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Online Shopping
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Shopping Carts
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Online Auctions

• An online auction is the electronic equivalent to
  good old-fashioned yard sales, rummage sales, and
  auctions
• You can expect to bid on new, used, closeout,
  overstock, or refurbished items at an online
  auction
• Computer software takes the place of an auctioneer

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Online Payment

• The most popular ways to make online payments
  include submitting your credit card number
  directly to a merchant and using a third-party
  payment service such as PayPal
• Online shoppers are justifiably worried that
  personal information and credit card numbers
  supplied in the course of an e-commerce
  transaction might be hijacked and used
  inappropriately

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Online Payment

• A secure connection encrypts the data transmitted
  between your computer and a Web site
• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
• TLS (Transport Layer Security)
• S-HTTP (secure HTTP)

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Online Payment

• Person-to-person payments are an alternative to
  credit cards
• The payment service is the only entity that sees
  your credit card number
• Service is in its infancy
• An electronic wallet is software that stores
  billing and shipping information

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Online Payment
An electronic wallet can transfer your billing
and shipping information to a participating
sites e-commerce Web server when you check out.
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E-mail

• E-mail Overview
• Netiquette
• E-mail Technology

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E-Mail Overview

• Any person with an e-mail account can send and
  receive e-mail messages

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E-Mail Overview

• Basic e-mail activities
• Writing
• Reading
• Replying
• Forwarding

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E-Mail Overview

• E-mail attachments are files that travel with an
  e-mail message
• E-mail software converts e-mail attachments to
  MIME
• HTML-compliant e-mail software
• Additional e-mail features

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E-Mail Overview
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Netiquette

• Internet etiquette
• Meaningful subject
• Use uppercase and lowercase letters
• Check spelling
• Be careful what you send
• Be polite
• Be cautious with sarcasm and humor

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Netiquette

• Use smileys and text messaging shorthand
  cautiously
• Use the Bcc function for group mailings
• Dont send replies to all recipients
• Dont send huge attachments
• Explain attachments
• Stay alert for viruses
• Notify recipients of viruses

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E-mail Technology

• E-mail systems carry and manipulate e-mail
  messages
• E-mail servers
• Based on store-and-forward technology
• Three types of e-mail systems widely used today
• POP
• IMAP
• Web-based e-mail

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E-mail Technology

• Web-based e-mail accounts allow you to use a
  browser to access your e-mail messages

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E-mail Technology

• A POP server is a computer that stores your
  incoming messages until they can be transferred
  to your hard disk
• E-mail client software
• SMTP server

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Web and E-mail Security

• Cookie Exploits
• Spam
• Phishing
• Fake Sites

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Cookie Exploits

• An ad-serving cookie can track your activities at
  any site containing banner ads from a third party

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Cookie Exploits

• A Flash cookie, also called a local shared
  object, is the Flash equivalent of a conventional
  Web cookie
• A Web bug or clear GIF is typically a 1x1 pixel
  graphic embedded in a Web page or e-mail message.
  It is almost invisible due to its size and is
  designed to track whos reading the Web page or
  e-mail message
• Antispyware is a type of security software
  designed to identify and neutralize Web bugs,
  ad-serving cookies, and other spyware

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Cookie Exploits

• Individuals who prefer not to leave a trail of
  their Internet activities surf through an
  anonymous proxy service, which uses an
  intermediary, or proxy, server to relay Web page
  requests after masking the originating IP address

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Spam

• Spam is unwanted electronic junk mail about
  medical products, low-cost loans, and fake
  software upgrades that arrives in your online
  mailbox
• A spam filter is a type of utility software that
  captures unsolicited e-mail messages before they
  reach your inbox
• To combat spam sent by hijacked botnet computers,
  e-mail authentication techniques, such as Sender
  ID and DomainKeys, verify that e-mail messages
  originate from the Internet domain from which
  they claim to have been sent

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Spam
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Phishing

• Phishing is an e-mail based scam designed to
  persuade you to reveal confidential information,
  such as your bank account number or Social
  Security number
• If you dont want to become a phishing victim, be
  suspicious of e-mail messages that supposedly
  come from banks, ISPs, online payment services,
  operating system publishers, and online merchants

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Fake Sites

• A fake Web site looks legitimate, but has been
  created by a third party to be a very clever
  replica of a legitimate Web site
• Pharming is an exploit that redirects users to
  fake sites by poisoning a domain name server
  with a false IP address

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Fake Sites
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