Welcome to SIEMENS Power Generation

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Welcome toSIEMENS Power Generation
TRAINING Three Gorges 2003.08.21-2003.09.09
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Timeline
Since 1945 contactless governors (
Magnetic-Regulator )
Since 1931 Power and Frequency - Regulation
Use of Tube-amplifiers since 1923
Pitch-governor up to 60MVA (1908)
Tirill Regler (1905/06)
Thury Regler (1889)
Since 1880 Electromechanical Governor already 8
different types, 2 from T.A. Edison
Centrifugal governor (Watt, 1788)

1700 1800 1900 2000
First use of a Static Excitation system (1938)
Use of Thyristors ( THYRIPOL) (1966)
Use of digital Voltage Regulators ( THYRIPOL) 1987
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Excitation Systems for Synchronous Generators
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SIPOL - The System Solution for Low Power
OutputUp to 20 Amps Excitation Current

• Features and Benefits
• Compact design and easy installation
• Short delivery time
• Failure monitoring through digital display
• Actual value displayed on digital display or as
  analog value
• User-friendly operation
• Spare parts support within 24 hours
• Fully digital system stands for lower maintenance
  
• Compatible with generator types of all
  manufacturers.

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RG3 - The System Solution for Low/Medium Power
Output Up to 130 Amps Excitation Current

• Features and Benefits
• Uninterruptible automatic transfer through diode
  decoupling via redundant power input facility
• Redundant manual channel or redundant AVR with
  separate power converter available through
  redundant power circuit facility
• Local and remote control for commissioning and
  operation
• Special solution for industrial purposes
• Profi-BusTM
• The interfaces can easily be adapted to customer
  requirements, especially for refurbishment
• Rotating-diode monitoring
• Power system stabilizer (PSS)
• Joint reactive power control
• Volts per Hertz limiter and stator current limiter

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THYRISIEM - The System Solution for Medium/High
Power Output Up to 225 Amps Excitation Current

• Features and Benefits
• Complete redundant structure
• Two independent controller channels including
  manual and automatic mode
• Two independent rectifier sections (2 x 100
  concept)
• Rectifiers can be replaced during operation of
  generator
• Complete digital controller from real-value
  detection up to the thyristor firing stage
• Complete set of limiters to ensure safe operation
  even at the limits of the generator
• Local operation panel including fault indications
• Power system stabilizer (PSS)

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THYRIPART - The System Solution for Medium Power
OutputUp to 1000 Amps Excitation Current

• Features and Benefits
• Load-dependent the compound excitation is fed
  from generator voltage as well as from generator
  current and supports load steps or short circuits
  on the generator line side.
• Black start capability during start-up, the
  internal oscillating circuit delivers a voltage
  rise and builds up the field from the remanence
  voltage of the generator.
• High availability and reliability the
  fundamental excitation is still supplied through
  passive components (transformer, reactor,
  capacitor, uncontrolled rectifier) even if the
  regulator is out of order.
• Small voltage gradient normally the controlled
  thyristor rectifiers create relatively high
  voltage gradients dU/dt. The THYRIPART
  excitation system uses an uncontrolled rectifier,
  so the dU/dt is low. The strain on the field
  windings insulation is then lowered.

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THYRIPOL - The System Solution for High Power
OutputUp to 8000 Amps Excitation Current

• Features and Benefits
• Power system stabilizer (PSS)
• Higher level closed-loop and open-loop controls
• Volts per Hertz limiter, stator current limiter
• Local operator panel including fault indications
• Full redundancy concept possible (e.g. 2 AVRs)
• fully controlled thyristor rectifier
• fully digital system from actual-value detection
  up to firing pulse generation

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THYRIPOL up to 2000 A , 1000 V DC
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Standard THYRIPOL, 2200 A
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THYRIPOL, (n-1) redundant, 3000 A ( Sidi Krir,
Egypt)
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THYRIPOL, (n-1) redundant, 4000 A (HPP Xingo,
Brasil)
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Blockdiagramm according IEEE
Synchronous Machine Regulator
Synchronous Machine
Power System
Exciter
Excitation System
Excitation Control System
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Detailed Blockdiagram
Limiters and Control
Actual Value and Static
Generator Terminals
AVR
Reference
Exciter
Generator
Power System Stabilizer
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Factory Testing

• Insulation Test
• Wiring Test
• Visual Inspection
• Parameter Setting and Verification
• Check of Internal PT and CT Circuits
• Check I/O
• Functional Testing by Simulation
• Test of Chopper
• Software Test

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Functional RequirementsAutomatic Voltage
Regulator

• Better /- 0.2 Regulation ( System
  according to Accuracy of PTs, typical better
  0.5 )
• Range from remanent up to 110 rated Generator
  Voltage
• Excitation Current Regulator
• Reference values setting by raise/lower or
  analog input
• Most advanced 32bit Technology

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Functional RequirementsModes of Control

• Automatic Control Mode ( AVR )
• Accuracy lt /- 0.2 Terminal Voltage
• Response Time lt 0.03s

Smooth Transfer lt 0.1 change in Terminal Voltage

• Manual Control Mode ( ECR )
• 20 If 0 ... 110 If nom

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Functional RequirementsAuxiliary Excitation
Control Features

• Maximum Excitation Limiter (OEL)
• - with integration mode
• Ceiling Current Limiter - undelayed
• Minimum Excitation Limiter (UEL)
• - with integration mode
• Volts-Per-Hertz Limiter
• Follow-up Control for Manual Mode
• Reactive Current Controller
• Power System Stabilizer ( Optional )
• Loss of Exciter Diode Protection)

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Fault Analysis

• Extensive Fault Supervising System
• For each fault is available
• Fault Number and Description
• Fault Value
• Fault List
• Number of Faults
• Fault time
• Trace for one event
• In Case of no Fault, the Operation Condition is
  displayed

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Ceiling Voltage, Ceiling Current
I U
U
Output voltage of thyristor rectifier
f
f
1
f
I
Output current of thyristor rectifier
f
Output current with ceiling operation
1
I
fmax
Output current without ceiling operation
2
I
2
I
f
fN
I
f0
Time in s
U
f
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No-Load Limiter
E2
Ed I1xd
U
J1
n
?
?
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Overexcitation Limiter
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Stator Current Limiter
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Volts per Hertz Limiter
Voltage Order 1 of one Phase E1 4,44
?1w?1f10-8 V i.e. FLUX is proportional to
Ratio Volts/Hertz
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Volts per Hertz Limiter
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Computer Representation of AVR according IEEE 421
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Computer Representation of PSS
Brushless Excitation Systems
Static Excitation Systems
VSmax
Vs
VSmin
.
.
.
.
.
VSI
1
1
1
1
-
-
S Ti 2PDG
S Ti 3PDG
S Ti 4PDG
S Ti 1PDG
Range -200 ... 199,99 6 ... 98304 ms
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Model - Calculation ( i.g. Design of DC
Fieldbreaker )
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Generator Diagramm
Operating Point
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Picture of HPP Three Gorges, China
14x 840 MVA Generators, THYRIPOL Excitation
Systems