Nur 102 Fundamentals of Nursing

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Nur 102 Fundamentals of Nursing
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World Health Organization definition of Health

• a state of complete physical, mental and social
  well-being- not merely absence of disease.-the
  fundamental right of every human being

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Definition of health

• Health is a dynamic state that exists when the
  individuals needs are satisfied and homeostasis
  is achieved. A state of health implies that
  individuals are effectively adapting to stimuli
  which influence the satisfaction of needs.

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High Level Wellness

• Functioning at your maximum potential

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Definition of Illness

• a deviation from the normal, healthy state
• Illness a state which results when an individual
  is not effectively adapting to stimuli and cannot
  satisfy needs or achieve homeostasis

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Health-Illness Continuum

• On a continuum, health and illness may be viewed
  as phases of coping ability

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Factors that Cause Illness

• Predisposing factors-genetics
• Contributing factors-conditions are favorable for
  disease
• Precipitating factors-condition that activates
  disease rapidly

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Stages of Coping with Disease

• Denial-fear, anxiety, irritability
• Acceptance-wants care done quickly and
  efficiently
• Recovery-calm and cooperative

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Illness impacts individuals behavior,
emotions,body image,self concept,family roles and
family dynamics
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Emotional Response to Illness

• Fear
• Anxiety
• fatigue, insomnia
• anger, hostility
• self-pity
• overdependence
• helplessness

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Nursing Strategies to Promote Adaptation to
Illness

• Allow patients to speak freely without being
  judgmental.
• Encourage self-help groups
• Promote self-esteem.
• Provide resources to cope with illness

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Promoting Wellness/Health

• Primary Prevention-Examples Immunizations,physica
  l and nutritional fitness
• Secondary Prevention-Examples health screening
  of at risk populations (Smoking prevention for
  school age children,PSA for malesgt50)
• Tertiary Prevention-Education for those with
  disease or disability (Example Diabetic teaching
  concerning foot care)

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Basic needs of Man

• Physiological
• safety
• Belongingness
• Self-esteem
• Self-actualization
• ABRAHAM MASLOW

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Homeostasis

• An attempt by the body to maintain a state of
  constancy in the internal environment

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Need

• That which is useful, desirable and necessary to
  maintain health
• Lower needs must be met before an individual can
  focus on higher needs

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Physiological Need

• Oxygen
• Nutrition
• Elimination
• Activity

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Safety

• Freedom from danger
• mechanical
• thermal
• bacterial
• chemical
• pain

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Belongingness

• Affection
• Love
• Companionship
• Relationships with family and society

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Self-Esteem

• Self awareness
• Body Image
• Self concept

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Self Actualization

• Personal growth
• maturity
• awareness of potential
• learning

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Historical Development of Nursing

• Midwifery in Ancient Times
• Religious Calling
• Lower class avoiding jail terms
• Modern Nursing/Florence Nightingale
• Put them in the best condition for nature to
  act.
• the Lady with the Lamp

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Famous American Nurses

• Clara Barton/Red Cross
• Dorthea Dix/first psychiatric nurse
• Lilian Wald/first community health nurse
• Mary Mahoney/first African -American nurse
  graduate
• Adelaide Nuttig/first college educated professor