Teaching is . . . a psychological endeavor. a socia

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APA Citation Stylecreated byJoseph W.
RobertshawYoungstown State University 2010
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Teaching is . . .

• a psychological endeavor.
• a social science.
• a profession rather than a job.

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APA is used to provide a consistent format across
a discipline.

• APA stands for
• American
• Psychological
• Association
• The conventions of APA notation have been
  employed to provide unity in the knowledge base
  across the field. Related fields, like teaching,
  are increasingly adopting APA notation.

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Why Use APA Style?

• APA style has been adopted by all 27 APA journals
  (Msetfi,2009) and 1000 psychology journals
  worldwide (plus others) very
  important!

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Why Use APA Style?

• To provide a consistent format across a
  discipline
• To allow for readers to easily cross reference
  your work
• To lend credibility to your writing
• To protect yourself from plagiarism

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If we get all the correct information in there,
why cant we just cite our references any old way
we choose?

• It saves you, the researcher, time and toil when
  the writer uses convention in the citation
  process.

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Research Proper APA formatting helps a
researcher (you) follow the thread of an idea
back to its source.
The references at the end of the material you are
using can provide great leads to other source
material.
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Others have done this for you,

• Shouldnt we pay it forward?

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Use APA to protect yourself from Plagiarism!

• The penalties for plagiarism can be severe but
  so can the consequences for the victim.

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Thats Great . . . so where do I start?
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• Now that you know why APA or another approved
  style of citation is required when doing research
  and other writings in academia . . .
• Lets talk about the how.

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There are 4 main parts in an APA paper

• Title page
• Abstract / Authors Note
• Main Body
• References

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Cover Sheet
The cover sheet and the title page are not the
same thing. A separate title page should be
placed after the cover sheet and before the body
of the paper. Items included on the cover sheet
vary as per instructor requirements (Stoner M.,
2006).
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Page Numbers Running Head

• Do not put your name in the header.
• Instead place it after the Main Title with any
  university affiliations.
• The first numbered page is the title page (not
  the cover sheet) beginning with the number 1.
• The short title you will be using throughout the
  paper must be less than 50 characters.

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Title Page

• The short title that reflects the basic focus
  of the paper should be included in the upper left
  of the header in ALL CAPS, along with running
  page numbers in the upper right of the page.
  These items should be separated by at least 3-5
  spaces.
• This is also the page for an authors note if
  applicable.

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So we have a page looking something like this
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New conventions!

• No underlining . . . Anywhere.
• Use Italics to denote book, magazine, journal and
  dissertation titles both in the text and in
  references.

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New conventions!
Punctuation Issues

• Use one space after sentence ending punctuation
  in the body of the paper.
• Use single quotes for quotes within a
  quote.
• Block quotes are indented from the body and do
  not require quotation marks but are to be
  included only if they are absolutely necessary.
• Do not end a sentence with a URL unless it is
  enclosed in parenthesis.

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Here are some common mistakes to avoid . . .
Dont cite a source of one type as a source of a
different type. Know what material you are
working with. This is especially true with
sources that were retrieved from electronic
databases. A book found online is not cited the
same way as a paper copy.
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Reference Page

• Use a hard page break inserted at the end of
  the body of the paper to ensure that the
  reference page(s) begin on a new page.

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Basic Source Choice

• Books
• Trade or academic magazines
• Journals
• Periodicals
• NO popular magazines
• NO encyclopedias
• NO Wikipedia articles

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Main Areas Of Concern

• References
• (Book)
• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title
  of the Book. Location Publisher
• (Electronic version of a Print Book)
• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title
  of the Book XXX reader version. Retrieved from
  http//www.nameofsite.xxx

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Journal Article References

• (Journal Article)
• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title
  of the Journal, volume(issue), pages.
• (If the journal paginates continuously by volume
  no issue number is needed.)
• ( Electronicly retrieved Journal Article with
  no doi )
• Last name, First initial. (Year published) Title
  of the Article. Title of the Journal,
  Volume(issue), page numbers. Retrieved from
  http//www.nameofsite.xxx
• ( Journal Article with doi )
• Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title
  of the Journal, Volume, page numbers
  doixx.xxxxxxxx

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Academic and Trade Magazines

• (Magazine Article)
• Last name, first initial. (Year
  published/month). Title of the Article. Title of
  the Publication, Volume(edition), page numbers.
• (Electronically retrieved Magazine Article)
• Last name, first initial. (Year published/
  month) Title of the Article. Title of the
  Publication, Volume(edition), page numbers.
  Retrieved from http//www.nameofsite.xxx

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When citing a source in text

• (Last name, year of publication)
• Do not rename the author in the citation if you
  have attributed the work in the sentence.
• (Incorrect) Joseph Robertshaw said in his Power
  Point presentation that double naming an author
  was not acceptable (Robertshaw, 2010).
• (Parenthetical) Joseph Robertshaw said in his
  Power Point presentation that double naming an
  author was not acceptable (2010).
• (Textual) In 2010, Joseph Robertshaw said in his
  Power Point presentation that double naming an
  author was not acceptable.

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Why not use the full name?

• Elimination of gender and racial biases.

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• Gender and racial anonymity are now preferred.
  Use last names for in-text citations. Use initial
  of first names and last names for references
  rather than full names.
• The ideas of
• Steven Smith
• Shirley Smith and
• Shivani Smith
• all deserve equal consideration based upon their
  work.

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Green, Sean P., Shriberg, Donna, Farber,
Samuel. L. (2008). Whats Gender Got To Do With
Teachers Perception of Situation Severity and
Requests for Assistance. Journal of Educational
and Psychological Consultation, 18, 346-373.
Holtgraves, T. Interpreting Questions and
Replies Effects of Face-Threat, Question Form,
and Gender. (1991)Social Psychology Quarterly,
54, 15-24.Meyerhoff, M. (1998). Accommodating
your data the use and misuse of accommodation
theory in sociolinguistics. Language
Communication, 18, 205-225. Otnes, C., Kim, K.
Kim, Y. C. (1994). Yes, Virginia, There is a
Gender Difference Analyzing Childrens Requests
to Santa Claus. Journal of Popular Culture,
28.Oliver, B. (2000). Freud and the question of
mediated social behaviour. Society in Transition,
31, 163-174. Phillipsen, L. C. (1999)
Associations Between Age, Gender, and Group
Acceptance and Three Components of Friendship
Qualities. Journal of Early Adolescence, 4(1),
438-464. Ruzickova, E. (2007). Strong and mild
requestive hints and positive-face redress in
Cuban Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics,vol. 39,
1170-1202. Seargeant, P. (2009). Language
ideology, language theory, and the regulation of
linguistic behaviour. Language Sciences, 31,
345-359.Wilson, D. W. (1980). Ambiguity and
Helping Behavior. New YorkPenguin, The Journal
of Social Psychology, 112, 155-156. Wilson, T.
P. (1970). Conceptions of Interaction and Forms
of Sociological Explanation. American
Sociological Review, 697-710
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Things to look for in a guide

• Second printing sixth edition or later! (August
  2009)
• Examples of each type of reference
• Easy to read and search format
• Spiral binding so that the book can lay open on a
  flat surface.
• Size Most people like portability.

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ONLINE Reference Guides

• List of helpful links to online APA style guides
• http//www.apastyle.org/manual/
• http//www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/citat
  ion/apa/
• http//www.docstyles.com/archive/apacrib.pdf
• http//office.microsoft.com/en-us/word-help/create
  -a-bibliography-HA010067492.aspx
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
  
• http//www.lib.wsc.ma.edu/apastyle.htm
• http//www.uwsp.edu/PSYCH/apa4b.htm
• http//www.capilanou.ca/programs/psychology/studen
  ts/apa/quick-apa.html

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References

• Dr. Crazy (2005, Nov 30) Why I bother to teach
  MLA Style even though . . .text blog
  Http//crazyphd.blogspot.com/2005/11/why-i-bother-
  to-teach-mla-style-even.html
• Msetfi R. Phd. (2009) APA style, literature
  searching and EndNote Power Point Slides
  www.lancs.uk/ihr/courses/dclinpsy/documents2008-9/
  researchDocs/teachingMaterials/APAlitSearchEndNote
  .ppt
• Stoner, M. (v 4.0, 2006) Most common APA PERRLA
  Mistakes. Retrieved 1/14/2009 from
  nursestoner.com/courses/APA20and20PERRLA.doc
  (mstoner_at_csusb.edu)