CRDI Engine technology

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CRDI Engine technology
by
C.P.Rakhee
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Overview

• Introduction
• Principle
• Working
• Features
• Scope for further development
• Conclusion

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Introduction

• The country among other things has seen an
  enormous development in engines used in cars
  also.
• The Diesel engines have also undergone a sea
  change from the time Rudolf Diesel invented it
  way back in 1892.
• Today Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI) is the
  order of the day.

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CRDI Engine
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Principle

• Unlike in conventional diesel engines, the fuel
  is fed into the common tube or rail and high
  pressure is maintained.
• This allows fuel to combine with air much more
  efficiently.
• It features high-pressure fuel rail feeding
  individual solenoid valves as opposed to
  low-pressure fuel pump feeding injectors.

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Layout of a CRDI Engine
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Working

• Solenoid valves make possible fine electronic
  control over the injection time and amount, and
  the higher pressure that the common rail
  technology makes available provides better fuel
  atomization. In order to lower engine noise, the
  engine's electronic control unit can inject a
  small amount of diesel just before the main
  injection event ("pilot" injection), thus
  reducing its explosiveness and vibration, as well
  as optimizing injection timing and the process
  continues

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Features

• Direct injector
• Spiral-shaped intake port
• Integrated port
• Air flow metering
• Multiple Pilot injection and Post injection
• Powerful Microcomputer
• Newly-developed catalytic converters
• Reduced noise levels

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Direct injector

• A fuel injector is nothing but an
  electronically controlled valve.

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Spiral-shaped Intake port

• Provides optimum swirl and even distribution
  of fuel.

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Integrated port

• Integrated port is used for exhaust gas
  recycling. There are three advantages to this
  system
• eliminates external pipes which are subject to
  vibration
• quicker engine warm-up
• better combustion.

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Air flow metering

• It gives exact analysis of the air-mass that is
  being taken in.
• Due to this metering system, the microcomputer
  that controls engine timing receives precise
  data.

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Multiple Pilot injection and Post injection

• Pilot injections is small doses of fuel made
  prior to the main injection which help to
  smoothen the sharp combustion character.
• Post injection is a similarly small dose of fuel
  injected after the main injection to reduce
  particulates.

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Powerful Microcomputer

• The microcomputer regulates the amount of time
  the valves stay open and thus the amount of fuel
  injected, depending on operating conditions and
  how much output is needed.

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Newly-developed catalytic converters

• Besides electronically-controlled exhaust-gas
  recycling which contributes to lower nitrous
  oxide emissions, CRDI engines are equipped with
  catalytic converters near the motor and emission
  control devices on the underbody. These vouch for
  a high degree of efficiency.

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Reduced Noise levels

• The Electronic control and multiple injections
  reduced noise to a great extent

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Scope for further development

• Use of different fuels for zero emissions and
  better engine performance
• By using different fuels and cetane improvers,
  maximum torque can be obtained
• Lowering the cost
• Closed-loop control injection with ion sensing
  technology

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Conclusion

• CRDI technology revolutionized diesel engines.
  It has changed the way one looks as diesel cars
  by providing the above said advantages.

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Advantages

• -More power is developed
• -Increased fuel efficiency
• -More stability
• -Pollutants are reduced
• -Particulates of exhaust are reduced
• -Exhaust gas recirculation is enhanced
• -Precise injection timing is obtained
• -Pilot and post injection increase the combustion
  quality
• -The powerful microcomputer makes the whole
  system more perfect

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Manufacturers of CRDI engine

• The car makers refer to their common rail
  engines by their own brand names. Some of them
  are
• BMW's D-engines
• Mahindra's CRDe
• Tata's DICOR
• Honda's i-CTDi
• Hyundai-Kia's CRDi etc

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Acknowledgements

• I would like to take this opportunity to
  thank my project supervisor (Mr. Shailesh Babu)
  and parents for their support and guidance

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References

• Automotive Mechanics by S Srinivasan.
• I C Engines by M.L.Malthur Sharma.
• I C Engines by V. Ganesan.
• Automotive Engines by S Srinivasan.
• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• Approaches to Automotive Emissions Control
• Magazines Auto week, Automobile India

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Thank you
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