MINE AWARENESS

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MINE AWARENESS

• INSTRUCTOR

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PURPOSE

• To increase individual soldier understanding
  of the mine and unexploded ordnance (UXO) threat
  in the former Republic of Yugoslavia and develop
  countermine skills in order to protect the force
  while conducting all operations during operation
  Joint Endeavor.

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TRAINING OBJECTIVESWHAT YOU WANT TO WALK AWAY
WITH

• STEPS TO TAKE WHEN YOU ENCOUNTER A MINE OR UXO
  
  
• KNOW THE INDICATORS OF MINES AND BOOBYTRAPS
• KNOW THE V CORPS CONVOY MINE STRIKE DRILL

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RISK MANAGEMENT REDUCTION
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION -1 MILLION MINES RISK
MANAGEMENT REDUCTION
EXTREMELY HIGH

• STAY ON APPROVED ROUTES
• STOP, AVOID, REPORT, MARK
• SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
• LAND NAVIGATION
• DEVELOP MINE SENSE

ONE MILLION UNCLEARED MINES
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MINE AWARENESS
A SOLDIER WHO IS NOT ENGAGED WITH DIRECT OR
INDIRECT FIRE SHOULD NEVER BECOME A CASUALTY
MINE WARFARE DURING PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS,
DISPATCHES, LFC HQ (CDN)
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ACTIONS UPON DETECTION

• STOP
• AVOID
• REPORT
• MARK
• CONTINUE MISSION?

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EXAMPLE REPORTING FORMAT GREEN 1

• 1. DTG OBSTACLE LOCATED
• 2. UNIT LOCATING OBSTACLE
• 3. OBSTACLE TYPE
• 4. GRID LOCATION
• 5. TRIP WIRES (YES OR NO)
• 6. ANTI-HANDING DEVICES (YES OR NO)
• 7. LOCATION OF BYPASS/BREACH
• 8. MINEFIELD MARKED (YES OR NO)
• 9. REMARKS

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ESTIMATED NUMBER OFUNCLEARED MINES IN THEATRES
LOCATION LANDMINES (MILLIONS) AFGHANISTAN 9
-10 KUWAIT - IRAQ 5 - 7 5 -10 ANGOLA 9 SOMA
LIA 1 - 1.5 RWANDA UNK - EST
THOUSANDS MOZAMBIQUE 2 BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 1 CROA
TIA 1 CAMBODIA 4-7 STATISTICS FROM US DEPT
OF STATE POLITICAL - MILITARY AFFAIRS REPORT
(1993) MINE WARFARE DURING PEACE SUPPORT
OPERATIONS, DISPATCHES, LFC HQ (CDN)
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WAR RELATED CASUALTIESIN IFOR (DEC 1995)
MINE WARFARE DURING PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS,
DISPATCHES, LFC HQ (CDN)
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MINE TYPES

• ANTI-PERSONNEL - DESIGNED TO KILL OR MAIM
  DISMOUNTED TROOPS
• ANTI-TANK - DESIGNED TO DESTROY OR DISABLE TRACK
  OR WHEELED VEHICLES
• CHEMICAL - DESIGNED TO DISPENSE SMOKE, CS OR MORE
  DANGEROUS BIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS

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FUZE TYPES

• PRESSURE
• OVER PRESSURE/DELAY
• SEISMIC
• MAGNETIC
• CHEMICAL
• TRIP WIRE (PUSH/PULL)
• COMMAND DETONATED

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MINE REMOVAL

• US ARMY DOCTRINE ON HANDLING MINES AND
  UNEXPLODED ORDNANCE
• US FORCES SHOULD NOT ATTEMPT TO DISARM OR
  PHYSICALLY MOVE ENEMY OR UNOBSERVED US MINES.
  OUR GOAL IS TO DESTROY MINES IN PLACE.

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VISUAL DETECTION

• SURFACE LAID MINES ARE USUALLY VISIBLE
• SIGNS OF ROAD REPAIR (NEW FILL, PAVING, ROAD
  PATCHES, DITCHING OR CULVERT WORK)
• WIRES LEADING AWAY FROM THE ROAD
• ODD FEATURES OR PATTERNS
• PIECES OR WOOD OR DEBRIS ON ROAD.
• SIGNS TREES, POSTS OR STAKES.
• DAMAGED VEHICLES OR DEAD ANIMALS.

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LIKELY LOCATIONS FORMINES AND BOOBYTRAPS

• MOUNTAIN PASSES AND NARROW ROADS WITH NO
  SHOULDERS OR BYPASSES
• OLD CHECK POINTS AND BATTLEFIELDS
• ALONG OBSTACLE BYPASSES
• OBVIOUS REST AREAS/CLEARINGS ALONG ROADS
• ABANDONED BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
• ABANDONED WEAPONS AND TRINKETS ATTRACTIVE TO
  SOUVENIR HUNTERS

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OTHER DETECTION METHODS

• LOCAL CIVILIANS MAY KNOW WHERE MINES AND
  BOOBYTRAPS ARE LOCATED IN THE AO.
• LOCAL MILITIA FORCES MAY BE ABLE TO PROVIDE
  ASSISTANCE IN LOCATING TACTICAL MINEFIELDS.
• LOCALLY KNOWN MARKING SYSTEMS (ROCK PILES, BROKEN
  BRANCHES ON TREES, CROSSED STICKS ON ROADS)

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MINEFIELD MARKING IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
MINIRANO
MNHE
MINE
MINEFIELD WARNING SIGNS
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EXPEDIENT MARKING IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
Three hash marks.
This symbol can be painted on, with or without
the triangle.
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FORMER YUGOSLAVIANMINE EMPLOYMENT
MINEFIELD PROTECTING A MUNITIONS DUMP
PMR 2
MRUDs
50 cm
PMA 2s
1 M
MRUD Command Firing Position
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FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN MINE EMPLOYMENT

• ROAD OBSTACLES

Buried TMA3s Blocking Bypass
Small Road
Berm Across Road with 4 TMA3s.
Roadway
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FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN MINE EMPLOYMENT

• RURAL ROADBLOCK

BURIED TMA 3s
PMR 2s IN SERIES
X X X
X X X
SURFACE LAID TMA 3s
FABRICATED DRAGONS TEETH
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CMTC LESSONS LEARNED

• ATTACH TOW CABLE TO THE BACK OF VEHICLES TO
  EASE EXTRACTION OF CASUALTIES AND DISABLED
  VEHICLES
• EVERY VEHICLE CARRIES A MINE/UXO MARKING KIT
• LEAD CONVOYS WITH A HARDENED OR MINE RESISTANT
  VEHICLE
• TIE DOWN EQUIPMENT IN THE VEHICLE

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SMALL UNIT METHODS TO DECREASE VULNERABILITY

• CHECK WITH HIGHER TO CONFIRM ROUTE IS CLEARED
  BEFORE MOVING
• AVOID PREDICTABILITY
• SAND BAG AND HARDEN SOFT SKIN VEHICLES
• KNOW UNIT SOP FOR MINE RECON
• MARK AND REPORT!!!

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EXPEDIENT MARKING
MINES
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MINE STRIKE

• IF A VEHICLE IN A CONVOY ON A PREVIOUSLY CLEARED
  ROUTE STRIKES A MINE, ALL OTHER VEHICLES IN THE
  CONVOY IMMEDIATELY STOP.
• MOVING OFF THE ROAD OR TOWARDS THE SHOULDERS
  (HERRING BONE) COULD EXPOSE MORE VEHICLES TO
  MINES.
• SECURITY IS PROVIDED BY MAINTAINING VEHICLE
  SPACING AND ALTERNATING VEHICLE MOUNTED WEAPONS.
• DISMOUNTED MOVEMENT SHOULD BE RESTRICTED UNTIL A
  PATH TO THE DISABLED VEHICLE IS CLEARED AND
  MARKED.
• METT-T WILL DICTATE WHEN THE CONVOY CAN CONTINUE
  MOVEMENT.

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V CORPS MINE STRIKE PROCEDURESWITH ENGINEERS IN
THE CONVOY

• CONVOY CDR HALTS CONVOY AND REPORTS TO HIGHER
• NO VEHICLE MOVEMENT OR DISMOUNTING SOLDIERS
• 360 DEGREE SECURITY PROVIDED FROM VEHICLES
• SENIOR ENGINEER DIRECTS CLEARANCE OPERATIONS
  THROUGH CONVOY COMMANDER
• SWEEP TEAM CLEARS FOOTPATH TO INJURED PERSONNEL
  BEGIN FIRST AID
• SWEEP TEAM CLEARS AN LZ
• LOCATED MINES CLEARLY MARKED
• UNIT CLEARS WRECKAGE AND FILLS MINE CRATER
• ROAD GUARDS GUIDE VEHICLES AROUND MINES
• MINES CLEARED AFTER CONVOY MOVES OUT OF AREA
• UNIT CONTINUES MISSION

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SELF/UNIT EXTRACTION

• FREEZE (STOP ALL MOVEMENT IN AREA)
• LEADER REPORTS TO HIGHER AND DESIGNATES PATH TO
  CLEAR THROUGH MINEFIELD
• EXTRACTION ELEMENT PROBES AND MARKS A CLEARED
  PATH CHECKS FOR TRIP WIRES AND BURIED MINES
  MARKS PATH AND MINES
• OTHER ELEMENTS PROBE TO CLEARED PATH
• EVACUATE CASUALTIES BY PROBING DRAG TO PATH AND
  EVACUATE AS REQUIRED.

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MINE AWARENESSTACTICAL HINT
REGARDLESS OF THE ARMORED VEHICLE, WHEN THE MINE
THREAT IS HIGHER THAN THE DIRECT FIRE THREAT,
KEEP YOUR HATCHES CRACKED OPEN AN INCH OR TWO.
THAT WAY, IF YOU DRIVE OVER A MINE, THE
OVERPRESSURE FROM THE EXPLOSION WILL HAVE AN
ESCAPE IF THE HULL IS PENETRATED.
MINE WARFARE DURING PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS,
DISPATCHES, LFC HQ (CDN)
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Former YugoslavianMine Employment

• AT (Full Width) Minefields

9-12 M
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Former YugoslavianMine Employment

• AT (Pressure) Minefields

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FORMER YUGOSLAVIAN MINE EMPLOYMENT

• URBAN ROADBLOCK

PMR-2s
TRIP WIRE CONNECTING MINES TOGETHER
FABRICATED DRAGONS TEETH
X X X
SURFACE LAID TMA 3s
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REVIEW

• Understand the mine threat risk reduction
  measures.
• Know the indicators of mines and booby traps.
• Steps to take when you encounter mines, UXO, or
  booby traps.
• Understand expedient marking systems.
• Be familiar with the V Corps convoy mine strike
  drill.