JOINT OPERATIONS

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JOINT OPERATIONS
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Bottom Line on Joint Operations

• The USAF doesnt operate alone. It takes all
  military services working together to
  successfully execute win Americas wars

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Failed Hostage Rescue Video
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(No Transcript)
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Overview

• The World Situation
• Define Joint Operations
• History of Joint Warfare
• Joint Doctrine
• Range of Operations
• Types of Joint Operations
• Joint Warfare Values

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World Situation

• Regional instability
• WMD proliferation
• Transnational threats ethnic/economic/health/crim
  e
• Military operations tempo
• Force structure
• Defense budget

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History of Joint Operations

• Joint Warfare
• Joint Doctrine

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Joint Warfare

• 1781 Battle of Yorktown
• French Naval Blockade
• American Ground Forces

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Joint Warfare

• 1863 Battle of Vicksburg
• Control of the Mississippi River
• Teamwork Navy, Marine, and Army Assault
• 45 Day Siege

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Joint Warfare

• 1944 Operation Overlord
• Air Superiority
• Sea Superiority
• Special Operations

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Joint Warfare

• Operation Overlord (contd)
• Leadership
• Eisenhower
• Complete autonomy
• 6,000 ships, 13,000 aircraft, 250,000 personnel
  from all branches
• Von Runstedt
• No autonomy
• No control over armor, air defense, or coastal
  artillery

No Synergy
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Joint Warfare

• Desert Storm
• Principles of War
• Included air, land, sea forces

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Joint Warfare

• You may fly over a land forever you may bomb
  it, atomize it, pulverize it and wipe it clean of
  lifebut if you desire to defend it, protect it,
  and keep it for civilization, you must do this on
  the ground, the way the Roman legions did, by
  putting your young men into the mud.
• T. R. Fehrenbach, This Kind of War

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Joint Warfare

• AfghanistanENDURING FREEDOM
• A new kind of warfareNetwork-centric
• US Special Forces composite teams

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Joint Doctrine

• National Security Act of 1947Created
• Department of Defense
• Secretary of Defense
• Joint Chiefs of Staff
• Unified Specified Commands
• National Security Council
• Central Intelligence Agency

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Joint Doctrine

• Reorganization Act of 1958
• Defined the chain of command from the President
  to the services
• PresidentgtSecDefgtUnified CCgtComponent CC
• Unified Commands increased their operational
  control (OPCON) of resources

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Joint Doctrine

• Goldwater-Nichols Reorganization Act of 1986
• Strengthened role of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
  of Staff (CJCS)
• CJCS became principal military advisor to the
  President and SecDef
• Mandated Doctrine
• Provides a common perspective from which to plan
  and operate
• Shapes the way we think and train for war
• Not a checklist that will guarantee military
  victory

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Joint Doctrine

• Goldwater-Nichols Act (contd)
• Required officers to serve in a joint billet
  before promotion to flag rank
• Two separate branches in the military chain of
  command
• Operational
• Administrative

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Joint Organization
CJCS has no operational control
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Joint Doctrine

• Goldwater-Nichols Act (contd)
• Operational
• Unified combatant commander in charge of all
  services/components
• Component commanders responsible for their piece
• Sometimes difficult to determine which service to
  use at a particular time and place

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Joint Doctrine

• Goldwater-Nichols Act (contd)
• Administrative
• Military departments responsible for all
  personnel within their service not assigned to
  the combatant commander
• Separate and distinct from the branch that
  contains the operational command

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Operational Branch
President
Secretary of Defense
Unified Commander
Army
Navy
Air Force
Special Operations
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The Joint Campaign

• Objective
• Usually set by the President and Secretary of
  Defense
• Unified Combatant Commander decides best way to
  accomplish objective

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The Joint Campaign

• Military Strengths
• Each service brings unique strengths and
  weaknesses to the joint environment

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Navy

• Conducts prompt and sustained operations at and
  from the sea

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Marine Corps

• Conducts amphibious landings and ground
  operations

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Army

• Conducts prompt and sustained land combat
  operations

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Air Force
Uses air and space power to exploit the aerospace
environment
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Joint Campaign

• The difficult task is determining which service
  to use at a particular time and place because
  each service brings unique strengths and
  weaknesses to the joint environment. 

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Joint Campaign

• Joint Shopping List
• Strategic Strike Capability
• Air Force gt Navy gt Army and Marine Corps
• Guerrilla/Urban Warfare
• Army gt Marine Corps gt Air Force and Navy
• Forced Entry
• Marine Corps gt Army gt Air Force and Navy
• Control Ground
• Army gt Marine Corps gt Navy and Air Force
• Services listed from most likely to least likely

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How We Fight Video
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Blackhawk Down
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Range of Military Operations
Types of Military Operations

• Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and
  Deterrence

• Crisis Response and Contingency Operations

Major Operations and Campaigns
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Natural Part of War

• Escalation

• De-Escalation

• Desert Shield

• Northern and Southern Watch

TIME
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Types of Operations

• Arms Control and Disarmament
• Combating Terrorism
• Counterdrug Operations
• Enforcement of Sanctions
• Freedom of Navigation

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Types of Operations (contd)

• Nation Assistance
• Protection of Shipping
• Show of Force
• Support to Insurgency
• Noncombat Evacuation Operation

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Types of Operations (contd)

• Peace Operations
• Foreign Humanitarian Assistance
• Recovery Operations
• Consequence Management
• Strikes and Raids

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Types of Operations (contd)

• Support to Homeland Security
• Major Combat Operations
• Offensive
• Defensive
• Stability

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Joint Force Values

• Integrity
• Say what you mean do what you say
• Competence
• Those you lead deserve no less
• Physical Courage
• You never know when
• Moral Courage
• Always do what is right
• Teamwork
• Essential to Joint Operations

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Summary

• The World Situation
• Define Joint Operations
• History of Joint Warfare
• Joint Doctrine
• Range of Operations
• Types of Joint Operations
• Joint Warfare Values

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Tomorrow
Where will you be?
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• Questions?