Chp 10: Human Geography of Latin America

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Chp 10 Human Geography of Latin America

• A Blending of Cultures

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Take FiveFinish the diagramwhich countries
(regionsmake up Latin America)
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Mexico--History

• Native American groups (1200 AD)
• Toltecs, Mayans, Aztecs, etc
• Spanish conquest
• Hernan Cortes (1521)
• Stealing the Aztec gold
• Independence from Spain (1821)
• Agustin de Iturbide

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Hernan Cortes v Chief Montezuma
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Tenochtitlan Mexico City
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Take FiveRemembering the Columbus Exchange

• What can you infer about the Latin American
  relationship (regarding the Columbus Exchange)
  from your knowledge of the Exchange in North
  America?

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MexicoGovernment (Current)

• Problem with land distribution
• Wide gaps between rich and poor
• Civil war
• Diaz vs. Madero, Villa Zapata
• PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party)
• Controlled government for 71 years
• Executive (6 yr term), Bicameral legislature,
  judiciary
• Nation Action Party (2000)
• Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa

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Felipe de Jesus CALDERON Hinojosa
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Lasting implications of Spanish/Mexican
interactions

• Language
• Customs
• Catholic church
• Mestizo Population
• Encomiendas systems
• Architecture art

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Mexico-Economy

• Traditional agricultural economy
• Tourism
• Struggling industrial economy
• Movement to cities
• Oil
• Manufacturing (North)
• Maquiladoras
• Assemble imported materials into finished
  products
• NAFTAreduces (eliminates) tariffs

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Take Five

• Use your textbook (pg 220) to complete the
  Skillbuilder questions.

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Challenges facing Mexico Today

• Lack of jobs, education and land force people to
  emigrate
• Illegal drug markets

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Drug Cartels
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Central America

• Central America is an isthmus between North and
  South America
• Mayan Empire
• Spread across entire region
• Military alliance and trade
• Abandonment and decline
• Spanish conquest
• United Provinces of Central America (1823)
• 1830s El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
  Guatemala Honduras (Panama, Belize)

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The Caribbean

• Natives
• Taino
• Settled by numerous European countries
• Prosperous Sugar Cane (RUM)
• Imported African labor
• Slave revolt (Haiti 1790s)

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Take Five

• Use your textbook (pg 224) to complete the
  Skillbuilder questions.

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Caribbean--Culture

• Strong European and African influences
• Catholic, Protestant, Native Religions as well as
  Voodoo
• Music
• Reggae and Calypso
• Various languages
• Spanish, Dutch, English, French, Danish

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CaribbeanEconomy

• Sugar Cane Farming
• Bananas, citrus fruits,
• coffee and spices
• Trade
• Panama Canal
• Tourism
• Informal economy
• Street vendors, shoe shiners, other services

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But why is the rum gone?
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Take Five

• What countries make up South America?

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South America--History

• Natives
• Incan empire
• Ecuador to Argentina
• Cuzco
• Spanish conquest
• Francisco Pizarro
• Economic and political domination
• Native rebellion
• Simon Bolivar
• Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Bolivia
• Jose de San Martin
• Argentina, Chile and Peru

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South America--Government

• Regional political instability
• Military dictatorships
• Oligarchies
• Underdevelopment
• Social class differences

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South American--Culture

• Strong Spanish heritage
• Literature, art and music
• Celebration of South American independence
• Craftsmanship

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South America--Economy

• AgricultureArgentina, Chile Uruguay
• MiningBolivia Chile
• FishingPeru Ecuador
• Oil--Colombia Venezuela

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South AmericaChallenges

• Educationliteracy is important
• Free public education
• Higher education
• Political instability
• Military dictatorships
• Ex General Pinochet

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The Great Divide

• The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
• Spain West
• Portugal East

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Brazil--History

• Natives
• 1.5 million native peoples
• Portuguese conquest
• Sugar plantations
• Portuguese colony until 1822
• Dom Pedro (son of Portugals King)

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Brazil--Culture

• Blended cultures native, European African
• Largest Catholic population in the world
• Protestant as well as native religions

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Brazil--Economy

• One of the most industrialized countries in Latin
  America
• Tourism
• Abundant natural resources
• Mining
• Agriculture
• Steel
• Automobile mfg.
• Ethanol from sugar cane rather than fuel

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Brazilian Push/Pull factors

• Migration to the cities
• Migration to the interior

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Take Five

• What common challenges do all areas of Latin
  America face?

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Chp 11 Todays Issues Latin America

• Social class differences
• Most people are illiterate
• Most people cannot find jobs
• Most people live in the slums
• Poverty
• Ex 45 of Brazilians are impoverished
• 2.00 per day

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Destroying our Rain Forest Resources

• Why do we care?
• Rainforest vegetation helps to clean the earths
  atmosphere
• Rainforest is home to numerous plant and animal
  species
• 50 million acres destroyed every year

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Destroying our Rain Forest Resources

• Why is the rainforest being destroyed?
• Timbermahogany and cedar
• Cutting down the rainforest leads to erosion
• Livestock has been introduced into the rainforest
  area
• ½ the Amazon rainforest is located in Brazil
• Population growth
• Development of communities

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Take Five

• Use your textbook to complete the Skillbuilder
  questions on pg 245

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Results of Rainforest Destruction?

• Deforestationlong term damaging effects
• Global warmingrainforests help to regulate the
  earths climate
• Absorbs carbon dioxide and produces oxygen
• Slash and burn creates carbon dioxide
• Endangering plant and animal species
• Endangering medical research

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Discussion of rainforest resources

• Will debt-for-nature-swap work?

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Political instability

• Oligarchies, Juntas and Caudillos
• Seeking democratic reform
• Constitutional government
• Free elections
• Need for education and prosperity
• Seeking land ownership reform
• Breaking up large estates of wealthy-often
  corrupt political elite and giving land to the
  poor