Unit 8: Latin America

1
Unit 8 Latin America the CaribbeanHistory
and Culture
2
Photos of the Day
3
(No Transcript)
4
Aztecs Mayans Incas
PYRAMIDS TIKAL MACHU PICHHU
Steep sides, flat top with temple Spectacular Mayan city in Guatemala Ancient Incan city
5

• EUROPEAN INFLUENCES
• In 1494, SPAIN and PORTUGAL signed a TREATY that
  divided control of SOUTH AMERICA.
• Portugal gained the present-day territory of
  BRAZIL it became Portugals largest COLONY

6

• In the 1500s, Europeans arrived and CONQUERED the
  AZTECS and INCAS
• Aztecs were conquered by HERNANDO CORTES and
  Spanish CONQUISTADORS in 1521
• Incas were conquered by FRANCISCO PIZARRO in the
  early 1500s

7

• By the 19th century, the Caribbean islands were
  claimed by FIVE different EUROPEAN nations
• SPAIN
• FRANCE
• GREAT BRITAIN
• NETHERLANDS
• DENMARK

8

• When Europeans colonized Latin America and the
  Caribbean, they brought with them their
• 1. LANGUAGE mostly SPANISH PORTUGUESE, but
  also ENGLISH, FRENCH, and DUTCH
• There are also hundreds of INDIGENEOUS
  languages
• still spoken in Latin America today

9

• 2. Religion ROMAN CATHOLICISM
• Dominant religion of MEXICO and CENTRAL AMERICA
• BRAZIL has the LARGEST Catholic population in the
  world
• Many beautiful CATHEDRALS can be found in Latin
  America

10
(No Transcript)
11

• AFRICAN INFLUENCES
• After establishing colonies, Europeans ENSLAVED
  native peoples in the CARIBBEAN and BRAZIL to
  work on SUGAR PLANTATIONS
• After many natives DIED from DISEASE and
  MISTREATMENT, Europeans brought AFRICANS over the
  ATLANTIC OCEAN by force to REPLACE the natives ?
  this began the ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

12

• More Africans were brought to BRAZIL than to any
  other area in the Americas ? an estimated 3.6
  MILLION total (nine times as many brought to the
  English colonies)
• By 1820, EIGHT TIMES as many Africans as
  Europeans had arrived in the Caribbean and SIX
  TIMES as many Africans as Europeans had arrived
  in Brazil.

13

• SOCIAL
• STRUCTURE
• Eventually the NATIVES, EUROPEANS, and AFRICANS
  began to INTERMARRY. This led to a very rigid
  SOCIAL STRUCTURE

• MESTIZO Someone who is part NATIVE (Indian) and
  part EUROPEAN (Spanish)

14

• MUSIC

REGGAE (JAMAICA)
CALYPSO (TRINIDAD)
STEEL DRUMS (TRINIDAD)
15

• TRADITIONAL DANCES
• BOLERO ? Spanish in origin, adapted in Cuba
• CHA-CHA ? Cuban, derived from the mambo
• MAMBO ? Cuban, grew popular at end of WWII
• MERENGUE ? origins in Haiti and D.R.

16

• SALSA ? developed by Puerto Ricans in New York
• SAMBA ? native Brazilian dance
• TANGO ? originated in Argentina

17

• FUTBOL
• The game of FUTBOL (Spanish) or FUTEBOL
  (Portuguese) is played throughout Latin America
  and the Caribbean. In the United States the game
  is called SOCCER
• PELE is one of the most famous soccer players in
  history. He scored 1,281 goals in his 22-year
  career.

18

• FOOD
• Caribbean meals often include SPICES, BEANS,
  RICE, FRUIT, and COCONUT MILK.
• Popular Caribbean dishes include ARROZ con POLLO
  (chicken with rice), Jamaican JERK CHICKEN, and
  CURRIED GOAT STEW.

19

• Ingredients in Mexican dishes include CORN,
  TOMATILLOS, FRIJOLES, and CHILES
• Popular Mexican dishes are TACOS, ENCHILADAS,
  EMPANADAS,
• and QUESADILLAS

20

• ART LITERATURE
• DIEGO RIVERA
• FRIDA KAHLO
• GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ

21

• POPULATION CITIES
• Years of colonization led to a DISPARITY (GAP) of
  income DISTRIBUTION and contributed to an extreme
  DIVIDE between the RICH and those in POVERTY

• In Latin America there is NOT a large MIDDLE
  CLASS

22

• Part of the reason for the DISPARITY OF INCOME
  DISTRIBUTION is because a very SMALL of the
  population owns MOST of the land in Latin America
• Since most people do not own a lot of land, they
  can only grow enough food to survive on. This is
  known as SUBSISTENCE FARMING. In addition, some
  people in Mexico work on EJIDOS (COMMUNALLY OWNED
  and operated farms)

23

• Latin America has been experiencing RAPID
  POPULATION GROWTH in recent years because of
  IMPROVED standards of living.
• Because of the POVERTY in RURAL areas, people
  move to the CITIES to find JOBS and have a better
  life. People moving to cities is called
  URBANIZATION

24

• Many of the islands in the Caribbean are densely
  populated
• More than 85 of people in ARGENTINA, CHILE, and
  URUGUAY live in cities
• The steady flow of people into cities has caused
  several MEGACITIES to form - a megacity has at
  least 10 MILLION people living there

25
MEXICO CITY, Mexico
RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil
BUENOS AIRES, Argentina
SANTIAGO, Chile
26

• One problem associated with these megacities is
  POLLUTION. Mexico City has a problem with SMOG
  because the city is surrounded by mountains which
  trap the polluted air.

27

• Another major problem associated with Latin
  American megacities is that the INFRASTRUCTURE
  (systems that serve a city communication,
  transportation, schools, etc.) cannot keep up
  with the growing populations.
• This leads to people moving out of the cities,
  known as OUT-MIGRATION. They move to places
  called SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS.

28

• Squatter settlements are called by several names
• - FAVELAS (Brazil)
• - ranchos (Venezuala)
• - barriadas (Peru)
• - colonias letarias (Mexico)
• A SQUATTER is a person who lives in these
  settlements because they cannot afford to buy
  land LEGALLY

29

• Squatter settlements lack services and
  infrastructure such as CLEAN WATER, ELECTRICITY,
  SCHOOLS, and market places