The History of the Orthodox Church

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The History of the Orthodox Church

• ISOS LESSON II
• FALL 2003

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SOURCES OF CHURCH HISTORY

• HOLY SCRIPTURE
• HOLY TRADITION
• SERVICE BOOKS OF THE CHURCH ---SAINTS LIVES
• THE HISTORIC RECORD

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EARTHLY MINISTRY OF OUR LORD

• FROM THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE ASCENSION.
• WITNESSED TO BY THE EVANGELISTS IN THE GOSPELS.
• THE ACCOUNTS OF THE LIFE OF JESUS SPOKEN IN
  THE VOICES OF THOSE WHO SHARED THE EVENTS .

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THE APOSTOLIC AGE

• BEGINS IN THE BOOK OF ACTS.
• STARTS WITH THE BIRTH OF THE CHURCH ON EARTH.
• ENDS WITH THE DEATH OF ST. JOHN THE THEOLOGIAN ON
  THE ISLAND OF PATMOS.
• TELLS THE STORY OF THE SPREAD OF THE NASCENT
  CHURCH.

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PENTECOST
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THE AGE OF THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS

• WORK OF THE APOSTLES CARRIED ON BY THOSE WHO HAD
  SAT AT THEIR FEET
• THE CHURCH CONTINUES TO DEVELOP THE OFFICES AND
  FORM WE RECOGNIZE TODAY.
• EARLY DEFENSE OF CHURCH TEACHINGS AGAINST
  HERESIES BY THE APOLOGISTS.
• PERSECUTIONS OF THE CHURCH BEGIN.

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CHRIST THE GREAT HIIGH PRIEST
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FORMATIVE CENTURIES

• IMPACT OF CHRISTIAN HERESIES, THE CHURCH BEGINS
  TO DEFEND ITSELF AND TO DEAL WITH THE LAPSED.
• THE CHURCH SPREADS AND BECOMES AN URBAN SOCIAL
  FORCE.
• THE CANON OF SCRIPTURE WAS DEVELOPING INTO A FORM
  AND ORDER WE WOULD RECOGNIZE.

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THE AGE OF THE GREAT COUNCILS
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THE CHURCH DEFINES ITSELF4TH - 9TH CENTURIES

• THE EDICT OF MILAN THE END OF PERSECUTIONS.
• EACH GREAT COUNCIL WAS CALLED TO CONFRONT
  SPECIFIC HERESIES OR TO SETTLE THE SPECIFIC
  QUESTIONS.
• WHO WAS JESUS ?
• WHAT IS THE NATURE OF THE HOLY TRINITY ?
• HOW DOES HUMANITY RELATE TO GOD ?

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FIRST ECUMENICAL COUNCIL325 - NICAEA

• ANSWERED THE HERESY OF ARIUS
• Jesus was created. Not of the same essence of
  the Father, The Spirit was also created the Holy
  Trinity was not of one essence.
• The Champions of Orthodoxy included the Fathers
  of the 1st Ecumenical Council.
• St. Athanasios, St. Spyridon, and St. Nicholas.
• THE FIRST PART OF OUR CREED WAS ADOPTED, DATE OF
  EASTER DISCUSSED, AND THE PRIMACY OF THE
  APOSTOLIC SEES - Rome, Alexandria, Antioch and
  Jerusalem

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PERIOD PEOPLE AND EVENTS

• FATHERS OF THE CHURCH
• THE THREE HIERARCHS THEOLOGY, LEARNING,
  LITURGIES and CHURCH PRACTICES.
• THE MONASTIC FATHERS AND MOTHERS
• SPIRITUAL GUIDES, HELPED TO DEVELOPE THE
  MONASTIC SYSTEM

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CONSTANTINOPLE I(381)

• REAFIRMED NICEA I, COMPLETED THE CREED.
• TOPIC WAS THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE
• TRININARIAN RELATIONSHIPS.
• CONSTANTINOPLE The New Rome GIVEN RANK SECOND
  TO ROME.

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COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON (451)

• REAFIRMS and FURTHER DEFINES THE COUNCIL OF
  EPHESUS.
• XC IS HOMOOUSIOS WITH BOTH GOD AND MAN. FULLY
  GOD AND FULLY MAN NEVER MIXED, CONFUSED OR
  DEMINISHED.
• RESULTS IN THE MONOPHYSITE SCHISM
• OTHER CANONS DEAL WITH POSITION OF CONSTANTINOPLE
  AND ROME.

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LATER EVENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS

• DEATH OF THE BESSED AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO.
• EXPANTION OF THE LITURGICAL RITES ST. ROMANOS
  THE MELODIST.
• THE REIGN OF JUSTINIAN.
• THE INSERTION OF THE FILIOQUE BY THE CHURCH OF
  SPAIN.

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RAVENA
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COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE III ( 680 681 6TH
COUNCIL)

• CONDEMNED THE TEACHINGS OF SERGIOS AND HONORIOS ,
  MONOTHELYTISM.
• CHAMPIONS OF ORTHODOXY ST. MAXIMOS THE
  CONFESSOR and ST. MARTIN, POPE OF ROME.
• OTHER SIGNIFICANT PERSONS ST. JOHN CLIMAKOS,
  and ST. ANDREW OF CRETE.
• ISLAM IS FOUNDED 622.

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SEVENTH and EIGHTH CENTURIES

• AGE OF ICONOCLASM LASTED ABOUT 120 YEARS IN TWO
  PHASES.
• CHAMPIONS OF THE FAITH ST. JOHN OF DAMASCUS, ST.
  THEODORE THE STUDITE, THE ICONDULIC PAT-RIARCHS,
  STS. IRENE and THEODORA.

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NICEAE II 787

• THE HUMANITY OF CHRIST WAS REAFFIRMED.
• THE PROTOTYPE IN ICONS ARE TO BE VENERATE
  WORSHIP RESERVED FOR GOD ALONE.
• THE POTENTIAL OF CREATION IS UNDERLINED
• RESTORATION OF IMAGES NOT REALIZED UNTIL 843.

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THE AGE OF PHOTIOS

• THE PHOTIAN SCHISM
• THE SLAVIC MISSION
• THE LITURGICAL EXPANSION OF THE GREAT FAST

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THE SPREAD of the FAITH

• BULGARIA and KIEV
• TIES to CONSTANTINOPLE.
• MOSLEM CONQUEST CONTINUE.

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THE GREAT SCHISM

• 1054 ESTRANGEMENT NEARLY COMPLETE.
• SEPARATION SEALED WITH THE FOURTH CRUSADE.
• ORTHODOXY SPREADS IN THE NORTH.
• COUNCIL OF LYONS FALSE UNION
• SERBIAN CHURCH BECOMES INDEPENDENT.

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FIGURES OF NOTE 14TH CENTURY

• GREGORY PALMAS VS. BARLAAM
• ST. ANDRE RUBLEV
• ST. SERGIUS OF RADONEZH
• ST. CLEMENT OF OCHRID
• ST. NICHOLAS CABASILAS

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THE OTTOMAN CONQUEST

• CONSTANTINOPLE FALLS 1453
• BEGINNING OF PERIODS OF REPRESSION AND
  RELAXATION.
• INCREASED CONCENTRATION OF AUTHORITY IN THE
  PATRIARCH.
• LOSS OF INSTITUTIONS.
• THE NEW MARTYRS

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16 TH CENTURY

• IVAN THE TERRIBLE
• UNIATE MOVEMENT - UNION OF BREST LITOVSK.
• PROTESTANT REFORMATION PATRIARCH JERMIAH II
  REACTION.
• CATHOLIC COUNCIL OF TRENT.

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17TH CENTURY

• CYRIL LUKARIS - CALVANIST INFLUENCE.
• PETER MOGILA WESTERN INFLUENCE.
• OLD BELIEVERS SCHISM.
• PETER THE GREAT WESTERNIZES THE CHURCH OF
  RUSSIA.
• SERBIAN AND BULGARIAN CHURCHES FORCED INTO
  CONSTANTINOPLES SPHERE OF INTEREST BY TURKS.

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18TH CENTURY

• MOUNT ATHOS LEADS REVIVAL OF LEARNING AND BUDDING
  NATIONAL IDENTITY.
• RUSSIAN MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN ALASKA. 1794.
• SAINT AUGUSTINE COLONY IN FLA. 1768.

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19TH CENTURY

• BEGINNING OF THE NATIONALISTIC FURVOR IN THE
  ORTHODOX LANDS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. GREEK WAR
  FOR INDEPENDENCE.
• TURKISH REACTION.
• RUSSIAN SPIRITUAL RENEWAL.
• BEGINNING OF THE GREAT IMMIGRATION.
• NEW ORLEANS 1864, GALVESTON TX, 1864.

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20TH CENTURY

• GROWTH OF ALL JURISDICTIONS IN AMERICA.
• WESTERN EUROPE
• AUSTRALIA
• COMMUNISM AND FREEDOM LATE IN THE CENTURY.
• FOUNDATION OF HOLY CROSS AND ST. VLADIMIRS.

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• SUPPLEMENTAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Yannaras, C. (1991) Elements of Faith An
  Introduction to Orthodox Theology (Alphavtari ths
  pisths), trans. by K. Schram, TT Clark,
  Edinburgh.
• Ware, K. (1997) The Orthodox Church, New Edition,
  Penguin Books, London.
• Hopko, T. (1973) The Orthodox Faith vol. 3 -
  Bible and Church History, An Elementary Handbook
  on the Orthodox Church, DRE - OCA, Crestwood NY.
• Pelikan, J. (1977) The Spirit of Eastern
  Christendom (600 -1700) - vol. 2, The Christian
  Tradition - in 5 Volumes - A History of the
  Development of Doctrine, University of Chicago
  Press, Chicago/London.
• Hussey, J. M. (1990) The Orthodox Church in the
  Byzantine Empire, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.