Air Cargo Security: An Overview

1
Air Cargo Security An Overview

• Daniel Gadow
• Midwest Regional Operations Manager
• Air France Cargo - Chicago

2
Air Cargo Security

• Brief History
• Cargo vs. Passenger Security
• Regulatory Environment
• Current Environment and Proposed Changes
• Future Outlook

3
History of Air Cargo Security

• Skyjackings in 1970s and 1980s served to
  concentrate security efforts on passenger threats
  rather than cargo.
• Deregulation of late 1970s increased number of
  air carriers and also increased vulnerability of
  air transport system.
• Manufacturing discovered Just in Time
  processes, increasing air cargo demand.

4
History of Air Cargo Security

• Key airliner incidents in 1980s (explosives)
• TWA 840 April 1986
• Korean Air 858 29 Nov 1987
• Pan Am 103 (Lockerbie) 1988
• Aviation Security Improvement Act-1990
• Addressed access to airports, background checks
  of employees and begins funding to research
  explosion detection technology

5
September 11th, 2001

• November 2001 Creation of Transportation
  Security Administration (TSA), assuming aviation
  security.
• November 2002 Creation of DHS, 22 Federal
  Agencies including US Customs, US Immigration and
  Naturalization, US Agriculture (APHIS), US Coast
  Guard, Secret Service and TSA

6
Cargo vs. Passenger Security

• Passenger
• Unique (ID)
• Ambulatory
• Reasonably uniform size and shape
• Uniform substance
• Responsive

• Cargo
• Ubiquitous
• Must be transported
• Vast range of size, weight and shapes
• Varied substances, structures and mechanisms
• Perishable

7
Regulatory Environment - Airlines
TSA
CBP
DirectAir Carrier
DOT/FAA
USDA/APHIS
FDA
Foreign Agencies
8
Regulatory Environment Freight Forwarders
TSA
CBP
Indirect Air Carrier
DOT/FAA
USDA/APHIS
FDA
9
Regulatory Environment Manufacturers
TSA
CBP
Importers and Exporters
DOT/FAA
USDA/APHIS
FDA
10
Regulatory Environment Surface Transportation
TSA
Truckers and Warehouses
CBP
DOT/FAA
FDA
11
Current Cargo Security Environment

• Risk managed vs. 100 screening (due to limited
  technology and infrastructure, flow of commerce
  issues and finite resources).
• Reaching deeper into the supply chain (airlines
  gtgt freight forwarders gtgt warehouses gtgtgt truckers
  gtgtgt shippers and consignees . and vice versa).
• Known Shipper/Unknown Shipper rules

12
Proposed Changes in Cargo Security

• Air Cargo Strategic Plan Formally proposed
  Nov 2004 by TSA after almost two years of
  discussion.
• Participation by TSA Aviation Security Advisory
  Committee Working Groups representing wide
  range of industry groups.
• Public Comment period expires 17 Jan 2004

13
Air Cargo Strategic Plan (TSA)

• Four Strategic Objectives
• Enhance Shipper and Supply Chain Security
• Increased vetting of Freight Forwarders (IACs)
  and shippers applying for Known Shipper program
• Centralizing data submitted by IACs and airlines
• Strengthens field inspection presence
• Explore applicability of C-TPAT (Customs Trade
  Partnership Against Terrorism
• Overall goal of this objective Reduce
  possibility that terrorists can pass for
  legitimate players.

14
Air Cargo Strategic Plan (TSA)

• Four Strategic Objectives
• 2. Identify Elevated-Risk Cargo by Pre-Screening
• Modeled after Passenger Program CAPPS (Computer
  Assisted Pre-Screening System) where high risk
  passengers receive screening
• TSA and CBP instituting system that adds shipment
  data, Known Shipper and IAC databases to reach a
  risk score. Still under development.
• Applies to domestic and international
• In the meantime, passenger airlines must randomly
  inspect eligible cargo

15
Air Cargo Strategic Plan (TSA)

• Four Strategic Objectives
• 3. Identify Technology for performing targeted
  Air Cargo inspections
• Explore existing and emerging technologies to
  improve the efficiency of inspecting.
• Investing in pilot projects for promising
  technologies
• CTX-5000 remains only approved high volume
  inspection technology
• Others in use Canines (30-60 minutes work, 20
  minutes of rest), Trace Detection swabs.

16
Air Cargo Strategic Plan (TSA)

• Four Strategic Objectives
• Secure all-cargo aircraft via appropriate
  facility security measures.
• More secure Airport Operating area with better
  access controls
• Greater use of criminal history background checks
• Additional measures for screening and identifying
  persons with access to aircraft.
• Randomly screen for stowaways

17
Cargo Security Future issues

• Personnel screening further into the supply chain
  freight forwarders, truckers, shippers and
  consignees.
• Biometric Ids smart cards, iris scans
• Airport designs which allow central screening
  facilities (due to high tech costs)
• Wild card gtgtgt Future incidents ??

18
There is no Homeland Security without Economic
Security!

• Questions?