Sparta

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Sparta

• Spartans worked to create a strong city-state
• only healthy children were allowed to live
• boys were trained for the army at 7
• life in army training was harsh to toughen the
  soldiers up
• men remained in the army until the age of 30
  then in reserves
• women were healthy and vigorous exercised and
  played sports could not vote
• created such a strong army, left little time to
  be creative in the arts
• military valued duty, strength, and discipline.

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Athens

• Athens created a democracy through the reforms of
  two men.
• Solon 594 BC
• all male citizens were allowed to attend assembly
• all citizens were responsible for justice
• Cleisthenes 508 BC
• increased the power of the assembly
• created the Council of Five Hundred to propose
  new laws and advise the assembly every citizen
  could serve

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Results of the Persian War

• Persian invaded Athens and the Athenians won.
• Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state.
• Athens became the leader of the Delian League
  with the purpose of preventing future Persian
  attacks.

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Golden Age of Greece

• Around 461 BC, Pericles (a hero from the Persian
  wars) became the leader of Athens.
• He strengthened democracy
• increased the number of paid government positions
• Increased the wealth and power of Athens
• used the Delian Leagues dues to build up the
  navy
• Beautified Athens
• built the Parthenon (built in classical
  architecture and filled with classical art)
• drama is invented to show civic pride and to pay
  tribute to the gods

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Peloponesian War

• City-states began to resent Athens. In 431 BC
  Sparta invaded Athens. In 404 BC, Athens was
  defeated by the Spartans. This brought an end to
  the Golden Age of Greece.

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Philosophers Plato one of Socrates pupils
searched for answers to questions like, What is
love? What is ethical behavior? and What is the
best kind of government? Writings are in the
form of dialogues famous dialogue is The
Republic. Aristotle one of Platos students
tried to find truth by studying the natural world
around him used scientific method.
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Alexander the Great

• Influenced by Greek culture.
• Invaded Persia and defeated them in Asia Minor,
  Egypt, and Mesopotamia.
• By 331 BC, Alexander had become King of Persia,
  Pharoah of Egypt, King of Babylon and King of
  Macedonia.
• Spread Greek culture on his conquests.