Chapter 19: Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution

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Chapter 19 Hazardous Chemicals Pollution
Prevention

• Sustainability, Stewardship, and Sound Science

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Hazardous Materials

• Are one or more of the following
• Toxic
• Reactive
• Ignitable
• Corrosive

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Mercury and Lead

• They are heavy metals which can cause
• Mental impairment

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Halogenated Hydrocarbons

• Organic compounds with a halogen (bromine,
  iodine, ect.) replacing a hydrogen
• Used as pesticides
• Used to make plastic
• Resistant to biodegradation

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Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

• Chlorinated hydrocarbons
• Are synthetic organic compounds
• Dioxin
• Mainly caused by burning PVC pipe (medical waste)
• Linked to cancer.
• Also an endocrine disruptor.
• Recall Alligators

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Love Canal, NY
Love Canal, New York

• Problem first discovered in 1978
• The government allowed housing to be build over
  the toxic waste dump
• First national emergency in the US because of
  toxic waste
• Led to the superfund legislation.
• Superfund sites
• comes from taxes on chemical industries
• 50 of the spent on legal costs

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National Priorities list

• Includes sites that are
• The greatest threat to health and the environment
• Toxic waste generated by households should be
  handled by toxic waste pick ups and public
  education.

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• Toxicology Chemical Hazards
• Dose
• Food Chains

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• A History of MISmanagement
• Land disposal
• Injection
• Scope of the Problem

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• Cleaning Up the Mess
• Water
• Superfund (NOT superFUN) Sites

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• Broader Issues
• Environmental Justice (Grace)
• Prevention Sustainability

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Toxicology Chemical Hazards

• Dose Response Threshold
• Threshold Level
• The Nature of Chemical Hazards HAZMATs
• Sources of Chemical Entering the Environment
• Better Living Through ... ?
• Toxics Release Inventory

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Toxicology Chemical Hazards (cont)

• The Threat from Toxic Chemicals
• Heavy Metals
• Organic Compounds
• Dirty Dozen
• PERC
• MTBE

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Toxicology Chemical Hazards (cont)

• Involvement with Food Chains
• Minamata

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A History of Mismanagement

• Methods of Land Disposal
• Deep-Well Injection
• Surface Impoundments
• Landfills
• Midnight Dumping Orphan Sites

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A History of Mismanagement (cont)

• Scope of the Mismanagement Problems
• Occidental?

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Cleaning Up the Mess

• Ensuring Safe Drinking Water
• Groundwater Remediation

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Cleaning Up the Mess (cont)

• Superfund for Toxic Sites
• Setting Priorities
• Cleanup Technology
• Bioremediation
• Plant Food?

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Cleaning Up the Mess (cont)

• Brownfields
• Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST)
• Underground storage tank (UST)

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Managing Current Hazardous Wastes

• The Clean Air Water Acts
• The Resource Conservation Act (RCRA)

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Managing Current Hazardous Wastes (cont)

• Reduction of Accidents Accidental Exposures
• Department of Transportation Regulations
• Worker Protection OSHA Act the Workers Right
  to Know
• Community Protection Emergency Preparedness
  SARA, Title III
• EPCRA Rules
• The Toxic Substances Control Act
• REACH

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Broader Issues

• Environmental Justice Hazardous Wastes
• Federal Response
• International EJ
• Pollution Prevention for a Sustainable Society
• Green Chemistry
• You, the Consummer

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Revisiting the Themes

• Sustainability
• Stewardship
• Science
• Ecosystem Capital
• Policy Politics
• Globalization

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The End