Hybrid Benefits

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Hybrid Benefits
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Regenerative Braking

• Energy recovery through regenerative braking is
  key to hybrid technology

1. When stopping the vehicle, Allison Electric
Drive automatically becomes an energy generator
by converting vehicle energy into electrical
energy.
2. The electrical energy is then saved, by
storing it in the Allison Energy Storage System
for future use.
3. When accelerating the vehicle, the stored
electrical energy is used to accelerate the
vehicle, saving fuel and reducing harmful
emissions and noise, while improving comfort.
Stores the Energy
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Allison Electric Drive ExperienceThird Party
Independent Reports
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Hybrid BenefitsImproved Fuel Economy

• A large US property Consumes 16,000,000 Gallons
  of Fuel per Year
• If 25 of the fleet were hybrids and the hybrids
  achieved 30 reduction in fuel consumption then
• 1.2 Million Gallons saved per year!
• and less refueling time (CNG can take 1 hour/bus
  to refuel)

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Hybrid BenefitsReduced Emissions
Requires DPF
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Hybrid BenefitsReduced Brake Wear

• Today a large US transit property incurs to
  their annual maintenance budget
• 2 rear changes/year _at_ 800/brake job
• 1 front change/year _at_ 500/brake job
• 2100/bus/year
• Think about the potential savings

Wornout Brake Drums
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Hybrid Buses will yield other Fleet Cost Saving

• Today you incur costs associated with ankle and
  knee injuries from the drivers repetitive
  movement of the foot from the accelerator pedal
  to the brake pedal. Witness the reduction of this
  repetitive movement with the EPSystemTM where it
  features regenerative braking from the
  accelerator pedal
• Today a driver will make at least 315,000
  movements from accelerator to brake per year (7
  stops/mile X 45,000 miles/year)
• If the hybrid saved 35 pedal movements then the
  driver would enjoy 110,250 fewer foot/leg
  movements and the associated medical injuries and
  costs

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Hybrid Buses will Increase your Ridership

• People will justify riding your buses when you
  operate hybrids that offer
• Clean emissions
• Reduced fossil fuel consumption
• Quiet cabin and pass-by sound levels
• Quicker acceleration and faster trip-times
• Seamless operation
• Greater travel comfort
• Make a major difference to the environment and
  society

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Hybrid Buses will yield other Fleet Cost Saving

• Improved driver ergonomics reducing issues
  related driving efforts
• Seamless and smooth accelerations/decelerations
  reducing standee related incidents
• Improved mergence into traffic
• Adherence to route schedules
• Enhances drivers performance

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System Architecture
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Series Hybrid Architecture
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Two-Mode Compound Split Parallel Hybrid
Architecture
Nearly 100 Efficient Mechanical Path Over 90
Efficiency 70 of the time
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Parallel System Propulsion
Engine
Battery
Generator /Motor
Generator /Motor
E
Gearing
Gearing
M
Transmission
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Allison Parallel Hybrid

• Engine operates independently (Series)
• CVT operation
• Electric dominated launch
• Mechanical path to final drive (Parallel)
• Lower costs
• Smaller overall package volume/mass
• Higher transmission efficiency
• An EV Drive-based hybrid system contains aspects
  of both Series and Parallel HEV powertrains
• HEV operating capability (both)
• Regenerative braking
• Strong acceleration assist
• Instant transient response

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Description
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for

• Traditional package
• Looks like a familiar B 400R
• Therefore not intimidating to technicians
• Concentric electric motors provide electrically
  variable drive ratios
• .40 overdrive
• Two-mode compound split parallel hybrid
  architecture

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for

• A Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) except
  it is done electrically (it is an EVT or
  Electrically Variable Transmission)
• Referred to as a Vehicle Designers Dream since
  it is infinitely variable with respect to output
  speed and torque
• Cool running since no torque converter or output
  retarder as heat generators. Only cool running AC
  Induction Motors

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for

• Input rating (continuous)330 hp (246 kW)
• Rated input torque 1050 lb-ft (1424 Nm)
• Rated input speed 2300 rpm
• Mass 919 lb (417 kg)

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Allison Energy Storage System

• Target life is 6 years on a 12 year 40 transit
  bus
• At 6 years, maintenance should be done on Allison
  Energy Storage System
• Customer can remove entire ESS and send to
  Allison Authorized Service Outlet
• Allison Authorized Service Outlet will
• Replace battery cells
• Salvage and reuse
• ESS Enclosure
• ESS Electronics
• 6 Variable-speed Brushless Fans
• Customer can reinstall the ESS and run bus for
  its remaining 6 years of useful life

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Allison Energy Storage System

• No end-of-life battery failures to date in
  customer vehicles or Allison test vehicles !
• Some have reached 3-4 years of operation
• Still targeting 6-years life
• Allison ESS continues be an excellent energy
  storage system for transit duty

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System Controllers

• Allison Transmission 1000/2000/2400 Series
  controller
• As used in 2005 Silverado HD pickup truck
• Very high quality
• Automotive volumes
• Two used with
• Mass 6.7 lb (3.1 kg) total weight for 2
  controllers

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Dual Power Inverter Module (DPIM)

• Specifically designed by Allison to meet
  customer needs
• Core Allison business
• One DPIM includes two inverters
• 600 Volts nominal DC
• 150 kW continuous 3-phase AC output
• Simply cooled by EVDriveTM cooling circuit
• Mass 165 lb (75kg)
• SAE J1939 Control Communications

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Drivers Selector

• Same as World Transmission
• 3000 Series, 4000 Series, B 300, B 400 or B 500
• Driver instructions same as 3000 Series, 4000
  Seriesand B Series
• Diagnostic code accessible for technician
  through selector

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Hybrid Engines

• Allison is engine neutral
• Smaller than normal
• Popular engine optimized for Allison Electric
  Drive
• Low noise and emissions
• Rated power 40 foot 245-270 hp
• 60 foot 330 hp
• New Flyer
• 40 foot ISL-280 hp
• 60 foot Artic Caterpillar C9-330 hp
• Gillig
• 35 40 foot SF LF ISB02-210/260 dual hp

Uses diesel pump fuel!
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Hybrid EnginesEngine Longevity

• Engine will have an easy life with our hybrid
• Much less fuel consumed and lower horsepower
  demand longer engine life (ask any engine
  expert)
• Longer oil change intervals
• King County hybrid articulated bus didnt change
  engine oil at 6K or 12K or 18K but did at 24K
  even though it didnt need to be changed!

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Product Support
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OEM Releases North America
New Flyer 30-40 EP40 ISL 2.5
gm 60 EP50 CAT C9 2.5gm Gillig 29
40 EP40 ISB 2.5 gm NABI 60 BRT EP50 CAT
C9 2.5gm Will take orders for 35 42 hybrids
Eldorado National 40 EP40 ISB 2.5
gm MCI D-Series (In progress) EP50 CAT C9 2.5gm
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Warranty Coverage

• 2 Year 100 Parts and Labor Coverage
• Repairs performed by any Authorized Allison
  Service Outlet
• Towing covered to the nearest Authorized Allison
  Service Outlet
• ETC offered on a case-by-case basis

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Allison AED Customer Vehicles
Total of 720 buses in revenue service as of
April 30, 2007 at 35,000,000 miles and still
counting!