Answer this question? From your experience in living life

1
Answer this question?

• From your experience in living life, is there any
  truthfulness to John Grays thesis
• Men are from Mars, Women from Venus?

2
Consider

• Are their significant differences in how you and
  your spouse perceive opportunities and problems?
• Are their significant emotional and intimacy
  needs that distinguish you from your spouse?
• Are their different modes of behavior between
  you and your spouse? For example, are men
  really wild at heart? do they really need
  adventure, the opportunity to save a damsel in
  distress, and be a hero to someone?

3
Ethics of Justice vs. Ethics of Care

• An look into Carol Gilligans,
• In a Different Voice Psychological Theory and
  Womens Development (Cambridge Harvard
  University Press, 1982, 1993),
• Chapter 2.

4
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• Harvard Professor Carol Gilligan (1936-) begins
  Chapter 2 with the following introduction
• in 1914 with his essay, on Narcissism, Freud
  swallows his distaste at the thought of a
  abandoning observation for barren theoretical
  controversy and extends his map of the
  psychological domain. Tracing the development of
  the capacity to love, which he equates with
  maturity and psychic health, he locates its
  origins in the contrast between love for the
  mother and love for the self. But in thus
  dividing the world of love into narcissism
  self-absorption and object relationships, he
  find that while mens development becomes
  clearer, womens becomes increasingly opaque.

5
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• Professor Gilligan continues
• The problem arises because the contrast between
  mother and self yields two different
  relationships. Relying on the imagery of mens
  lives n charting the course of human growth,
  Freud is unable to trace in women the development
  of relationships, morality, or a clear sense of
  self. This difficulty in fitting the logic of
  his theory to womens experience leads him in the
  end to set women apart, marking their
  relationships, like their sexual life, as a dark
  continent for psychology. Freud, On
  Narcissism An Introduction (1914) XIV 212
  (pg. 24).

6
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• Professor Gilligan interprets Freud as stating
• To Freud, though living surrounded by women and
  otherwise seeing so much and so well, womens
  relationships seemed increasingly mysterious,
  difficult to discern, and hard to describe.
  While this mystery indicates how theory can blind
  observation, it also suggests that development in
  women is masked by a particular conception of
  human relationships. Since the imagery of
  relationships shapes the narrative of human
  development, the inclusion of women, by changing
  that imagery, implies a change in the entire
  account (pp. 24-5).

7
The Shift in Imagery A Case StudyAmy and
Jake, two eleven year old students.

• Amy and Jake were participants in a rights and
  responsibilities study which was designed to
  explore different conceptions of morality and
  self (pg. 25).
• Both students were bright and articulate.
• Amy desires to become a scientist.
• Jake prefers English to math.
• Their moral judgments seem initially to confirm
  familiar ideas about the differences between the
  sexes (i.e., girls having an edge in terms of
  moral development during the early school years
  which will give way at puberty with the rise of
  formal logical thought in boys (pg. 25).

8
The Shift in Imagery A Case StudyAmy and
Jake, two eleven year old students.

• In the following moral dilemma we will see that
  Jake and Amy see two different problems

9
The Shift in Imagery A Case StudyAmy and
Jake, two eleven year old students.

• The Moral Dilemma to Resolve
• A man named Heinz considers whether or not to
  steal a drug which he cannot afford to buy in
  order to save the life of his wife.
• Heinz predicament.
• The wifes disease.
• The druggists refusal to lower his price
• Should Heinz steal the drug? The reason for and
  against stealing are then explored through a
  series of questions that vary and extend the
  parameters of the dilemma in a way design to
  reveal the underlying structure of moral thought

10
The Shift in Imagery A Case StudyAmy and
Jake, two eleven year old students.

• Jake sees the moral conflict between values of
  property and life. He discerns the logical
  priority of life, and uses that logic to justify
  his choice.
• For one thing, a human life is worth more than
  money, and if the druggist only makes 1,000, he
  is still going to live, but if Heinz doesnt
  steal the drug, his wife is going to die (Why is
  life worth more than money?). Because the
  druggist can get a thousand dollars later from
  rich people with cancer, but Heinz cant get his
  wife again (why not?) Because people are all
  different and so you couldnt get Heinzs wife
  again.

11
The Shift in Imagery A Case StudyAmy and
Jake, two eleven year old students.

• Jake was also asked if Heinz should steal the
  drug if he doesnt love his spouse?
• Jake replies that he should, saying that not
  only is there a a difference between hating and
  killing, but also if Heinz where caught, the
  judge would probably think it was the right thing
  to do. Asked about the fact that, in stealing,
  Heinz would breaking the law, he says that the
  laws have mistakes, and you cant go writing up a
  law for everything that you can imagine. (pg.
  26).

12
The Shift in Imagery A Case StudyAmy and
Jake, two eleven year old students.

• Considering the law and recognizing its function
  in maintaining social order, the judge, Jake
  asserts, should give Heinz the lightest possible
  sentence. Jake considers the law to be
  man-made, subject to error and change (pg. 26).

13
Kohlberg Analysis
Moral Maturity (6 steps)

• Jakes Ethics of Justice

14
What are Jakes Assumptions/Methodology? The
Ethics of Justice

• Ethics of justice might be described as follows
• 1. Locates truth in math which is the only
  thing that is totally logical pg. 26 (deductive
  logic) certainty is found in logic (pg. 45).
• - He establishes the problem between life
  property as an equation proceeds to workout
  the solution it is a contest of rights.
• 2. Rational conclusion He assumes anyone
  following reason would arrive a same
  conclusion.

15
What are Jakes Assumptions/Methodology? The
Ethics of Justice

• Ethics of justice might be described as follows
• 3. Differentiates morality from laws and
  examines how laws can be corrected/changed in
  order to have a principled conception of
  justice.
• 4. Self is defined via autonomy personal
  confidence.
• 5. Restraint from certain actions because of the
  needs of others (p 38).
• 6. Transposes a hierarchy of power into a
  hierarchy of values (pg.32).
• 7. Places the problem into an impersonal
  conflict of claims (pg. 32).

16
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• Amy offers a different view regarding Heinzs
  moral dilemma to the question whether the husband
  should steal the drug?
• Well, I dont think so. I think there might be
  other ways besides stealing it, like if he could
  borrow the money or make a loan or something, but
  he really shouldnt steal the drug-but his wife
  shouldnt die either (pg. 28).

17
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• When Amy is asked why she should not steal the
  drug, her response is
• If he stole the drug, he might save his wife,
  then, but if he did, he might have to go to jail,
  and then his wife might get sicker again, and he
  couldnt get more of the drug, and it might not
  be good. So, they should really just talk it out
  and find some other way to make the money (pg.
  28).
• Asked whether or not Heinz loves his wife she
  maintained that he shouldnt steal or let her
  die. And even if it was a stranger dying, Heinz
  should still try to save her life, but not steal
  the drug (pg. 28).

18
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• When asked again why Heinz shouldnt steal she
  simply restates her position, Because its not
  right. When asked to explain why, she states,
  if he took it, he might not know how to give it
  to his wife, and so his wife might still die.
• She assumes that if the druggist were to see the
  deathly situation, he would surely want to help
  him save her. If they would just talk about it,
  surely they could come to an understanding
  (e.g., The druggist could give it to them and
  have the husband pay for the drug later).
• Lastly, she sees the problem being a failure of
  the druggist it is not right for someone to
  die when their life could be saved (pg. 29).

19
Test Results for Amy

• When the test is considered in view of
  Kohlbergs definition of stages and sequence of
  moral development, her moral judgment are a full
  stage lower than those of Jake (pg. 30).
• Scored as a mixture of stages 2 3 (shared
  conventions of societal agreement), she is as
  follows

20
Test Results for Amy

• 1. Stunted by a failure of logic
• 2. Inability to think for herself
• 3. Her replies are evasive, unsure, lacks
  confidence powerlessness.
• 4. Does not consider property and law but rather
  the effect that theft could have on the
  relationship between Heinz and wife.
• 5. Sees the dilemma as being the druggists
  failure to respond to wife.
• 6. The answer to the moral problem is
  communication rather than the systematic
  application of logic.

21
Test Results for Amy

• In sum, following the Kohlberg test
• Jake sees a conflict between life and property
  that be resolved by logical deduction and
  categorical thinking.
• Amy see a conflict between life and a lack of
  communication the problem that can resolved by
  honesty and open communication she appeals to
  contextual relationships.
• Kohlberg summarizes the test by stating that the
  children arrive at answers that fundamentally
  diverge because Jake demonstrates moral maturity
  through the application of logic.

22
A Network of Relationships
23
Whats Carol Gilligans Interpretation?

• An Ethics of Care. Rather than being displayed
  as a hierarchy of maturity through the
  application of logic, females are fundamentally
  different than males (pg. 31)
• We need to ask the question
• What does Amy see that Jake doesnt?
• An ethics of care according to Carol Gilligan.
• In other words, like Amy, women have a different
  perspective they are able to achieve the highest
  level of moral development.

24
Descriptive Elements of An Ethic of Care

• 1. The world is comprised of a web of
  relationships sustained by communication (pg.
  38).
• -Actors in dilemmas are members of a network of
  relationships on whose communication they all
  depend (30).
• 2. Self is defined through interpersonal
  connection.

25
Descriptive Elements of An Ethic of Care

• 3. Amy speaks of morality and responsibility as a
  way of restoring community.
• 4. Focuses on the need for a response.
• 5. Wherever it is broken, thus the problem of
  loneliness constitutes a major moral problem.
• 6. One is responsible to care for others, to
  alleviate their loneliness.

26
A Working Definition of an Ethic of Care

• A working definition of Ethic of Care
• 1. It is at least an ethical perspective that
  seeks to preserve and nurture the concrete
  relations in a web of relationships, attending
  and positively responding to the needs of others.

27
Other Observations Violence

• In a series of studies on how danger is perceived
  between the sexes (pg. 42), men see danger
• 1. Often in close personal affiliation than in
  achievement and constructing danger from
  intimacy
• entrapment/betrayal
• smothering relationship
• humiliated by rejection/deceit.

28
Other Observations

• Consider this fictional story
• Nick saw his life pass before his eyes. He
  could feel the cold penetrating even deeper into
  his body. How long had it been since he had
  fallen through the ice-thirty-seconds, a minute?
  It wouldnt take long for him to succumb to the
  chilling grip of the mid-February Charles River.
  What a fool he had been to accept the challenge
  of his roommate Sam to cross the frozen river.
  He knew all along that Sam hated him. Hated him
  for being rich and especially hated him for being
  engaged to Mary, Sams childhood sweetheart. But
  Nick never realized until now that Mary also
  hated him and really loved Sam. Yet there they
  were, the two of them, calmly sitting on a beach
  in the riverbend, watching Nick drown. Theyd
  probably soon by married, and theyd probably
  finance it with the life insurance policy for
  which Mary was the beneficiary (pg. 40).

29
Other Observations

• Women see danger
• 1. Danger of isolation,
• 2. A fear in standing out or being set apart by
  success, left alone (pg. 42),
• 3. A relational failure (pg 43).
• Thus, women see violence as a fracture of human
  connection with the activities of care being
  those activities that make the social world safe,
  avoids isolation, and prevents aggression.
• Conclusion by Gilligan Men and women may
  experience attachment and separation in different
  ways and that each sex perceives a danger which
  the other does not see men in connection, women
  in separation (pg. 42).

30
Other Observations

• When the interconnections of the web are
  dissolved by the hierarchical ordering of
  relationships, when nets are portrayed as
  dangerous entrapments impeding flight rather than
  protecting against the fall, women come to
  question whether what they have seen exists and
  whether what they know from their experience is
  true. These questions are raised not as
  abstract philosophical speculations about the
  nature of reality and truth but as personal
  doubts that invade womens sense of themselves,
  compromising their ability to act on their own
  perceptions and thus their willingness to take
  responsibility for what they do. This issue
  becomes central in womens development during the
  adolescent years, when thought becomes reflective
  and the problem of interpretation thus enters the
  stream of development itself (pg. 49).

31
Other Observations The struggle to be
understood the struggle for uniqueness in a
context of relationships.

• In view of this hierarchical relationship of
  ethics of justice, both psychologists and women
  themselves find it difficulty to account for
  their identity and moral belief they are in
  crisis
• A crisis that centers on her struggle to
  disentangle her voice from the voices of others
  and to find a language that represents her
  experience of relationships and her sense of
  herself (pg. 51).

32
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• In her concluding remarks, Professor Gilligan
  offers the following statements (pp. 62-3).
• While the truths of psychological theory have
  blinded psychologists to the truth of womens
  experience, that experience illuminates a world
  where psychologists have found hard to trace, a
  territory where violence is rare and
  relationships appear safe. The reason womens
  experience has been so difficult to decipher or
  even discern is that a shift in the imagery of
  relationships gives rise to a problem of
  interpretation. The images of hierarchy and web,
  drawn from the texts of mens and womens
  fantasies and thoughts, convey different ways of
  structuring relationships and are associated with
  different views of morality and self. But these
  images create a problem in understanding because
  each distorts the others representation.

33
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• As the top of the hierarchy becomes the edge of
  the web and as the center of a network of
  connection becomes the middle of a hierarchical
  progression, each image marks as dangerous the
  place which the other defines as safe. Thus the
  images of hierarchy and web inform different
  modes of assertion and response the wish to be
  alone at the top and the consequent fear that
  others will get too close the wish to be at the
  center of connection and the consequent fear of
  being too far out on the edge. These disparate
  fears of being stranded and being caught give
  rise to different portrayals of achievement and
  affiliation, leading to different modes of action
  and different ways of assessing the consequence
  of choice.

34
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• She goes on to say in the last paragraph
• The reinterpretation of womens experience in
  terms of their own imagery of relationships thus
  clarifies the experience and also provides a
  nonhierarchical vision of human connection.
  Since relationships, when case in the imagery of
  hierarchy, appear inherently unstable and morally
  problematic, their transposition into the image
  of web changes an order of inequality into a
  structure of interconnection.

35
Images of Relationships Chapter 2

• She continues
• But the power of the images of hierarchy and
  web, their evocation of feelings and their
  recurrence in thought, signifies the embeddedness
  of both of these images in the cycle of human
  life. The experiences of inequality and
  interconnection, inherent in the relation of
  parent and child, then give rise to the ethics of
  justice and care, the ideals of human
  relationship,-the vision that self and other will
  be treated as of equal worth, that despite
  difference in power, things will be fair the
  vision that everyone will be responded to and
  included, that no one will be left alone or hurt.
  These disparate visions in their tension reflect
  the paradoxical truths of human experience-that
  we know ourselves as separate only insofar as we
  live in connection with others, and that we
  experience relationship only insofar as we
  differentiate other from self (pg. 62-3).

36
Is this Distinction Philosophically Sound?

• B. Is it philosophically sound? If it is sound
  as an alternative approach in ethical theory, a
  feminine approach (in contrast to utilitarian
  or deontological ethics) one might answer with a
  resounding no. If it is sound in bringing to
  the forefront how masculine structures dominated
  Western thought and culture (from authority
  structures to linguistics), oppressing,
  discriminating, and nullifying feminine
  development/identity in a modernistic worldview,
  then same people might argue yes.

37
Is this Distinction Philosophically Sound?

• 4 reasons that may be used to argue that
  Gilligans view is not philosophically sound
• 1. Do boys inherently use formal logical
  thought, relying on the conventions of
  logic with no regard for interpersonal
  relationships?
• 2. If the world is constituted primarily by a
  network of relationships, then we would take
  justice into account that would involve
  rules, maxims, or principles.

38
Is this Distinction Philosophically Sound?

• 3. If ethics of care is interpreted as an
  ethical approach rather than merely a
  complementary perspective, advocating the
  displacement of normative ethics such as
  utilitarianism (for its emphasis on
  calculations, horrific injustices, future
  consequences, etc) or deontological ethics (for
  its focus on rules, rationality, or absolutes to
  the neglect of a persons welfare, etc), one
  might argue that this model is not
  philosophically sound for the following 5
  reasons

39
Is this Distinction Philosophically Sound?

• A. Care ethics lacks clarity in resolving moral
  conflicts.
• B. Vast differences on what constitutes care
  nurture or even relations. Different
  people, cultures, and sub-groups have vast
  opinions on what constitutes care. (Some
  people eat their neighbors for food whereas
  others love their neighbors ?). Aristotles
  Republic Spartan Rule, to Marxism,
  postmillennialism, etc.
• C. Is care a feminine morality, a master-value
  and all other things are valuable only to the
  extent that they can contribute to it?

40
Is this Distinction Philosophically Sound?

• D. It fails to gives us significant help in the
  practicalities on how we should behave it is
  too nebulous (unlike utilitarianism with its
  calculations or deontological ethics with its
  universal and necessary a priori rules).
• E. There is no distinctly feminine morality (cf.
  Mary Wollstonecraft in Vindication of the Rights
  of Woman).
• - If there is a feminine morality does that
  mean that utilitarianism and deontological
  ethics is a masculine morality because it is not
  as caring?

41
Is this distinction philosophically sound?

• 4. Jean Grimshaws criticisms
• A. There is little agreement among women on what
  accounts as female values.
• B. Dependent on the polarization of masculine
  and feminine which has itself been so closely
  related to the subordination of women.
• C. There is no autonomous realm of female
  virtues
• A Companion to Ethics, The Idea of a Female
  Ethic edited by Peter Singer (Oxford
  Blackwell, 1991), pg. 498.

42
Is this Distinction Philosophically Sound?

• On the other hand, one could argue that this
  distinction is ultimately true but the way it has
  been handled is confusing and unclear. If the
  following is true, then the ethics of care has
  not been ignored in philosophy

43
Is this Distinction Philosophically Sound?

• Philosophically, (1) the ethics of justice is
  better interpreted as a theory of individualism
  and ethics of care as a theory of community. To
  be sure, both views have been taught in
  philosophy, though one could argue, analogous to
  the critique of modernism by critical continental
  thinkers, that (2) modernism at is apex (with all
  its authority structures and conceptions) ignored
  discriminated, oppressed, and even nullified
  female identity, development, and voice (e.g.,
  Freud) in contemporary thought and culture.
• Lets take a closer look at these two issues.
• Consider the following quotes

44
Consider the following

• Community
• AristotleIn the Ethics we are told that Man is
  born for citizenship, and in the Politics we are
  told, Man is by nature a political animal.
  More explicitly, Aristotle tells us, The state
  is by nature clearly prior to the family and to
  the individual, since the whole is of necessity
  prior to the part.
• For Aristotle, then, the individual presupposes
  community. The sustenance of community is the
  moral goal, not the moral problem.

45
Consider the following

• Community
• Hegel Patriotism does not simply mean the
  willingness to make exceptional sacrifices.
  Rather, it is the recognition that the community
  is ones substantive groundwork and end (268).
• Here again, in an Aristotelian vein, we see in
  very plain language that the community is
  presupposed by the individual for Hegel. The
  moral self cannot define itself in separation
  from others, but rather must understand itself as
  constituted by its connection with others in the
  community.

46
Consider the following

• Community
• MarxLiving with others does not constitute for
  Marx (as it seemed to do for Jake) a limitation
  on personal freedom. Rather, only in the
  community is personal freedom possible (197).
• Here again we see a clear priority being
  established the individual can only be defined
  through relationship with other members of
  community.

47
Need for Contracts

• Individualism
• HobbesIn the state of nature, men are in the
  condition which is called war, and such a war as
  is of every man against every man.
• The natural state of man is solitary. And it
  becomes clear that this picture of humanity,
  though perhaps softened a bit, is essentially
  that of all contract theorists. For the whole
  premise behind contract theory is that human
  beings are essentially individuals, wildly
  scrambling to pursue their own interests.

48
According to Mill

• Individualism
• The liberty of the individual must be thus far
  limited he must not make himself a nuisance to
  other people. This is in Mills chapter
  praising individualism as one of the elements of
  well-being.
• This, for Mill, is the pinnacle of moral
  responsibility not being a nuisance. And this
  is the sentiment expressed by Jake when he
  explained that, if he wanted to kill himself, he
  should do it with a gun rather than a stick of
  dynamite, since the dynamite might kill others,
  i.e., be a nuisance to them.

49
Individualism according to Rawls and Nozick

• Individualism
• John Rawls and Robert Nozick, for example,
  although differing from one another in
  substantial ways, are unanimous in their
  individualism. The community presupposes the
  individual and, for both of them, having to live
  in community with others constitutes the problem
  that philosophy must solve.

50
Individualism according to Rawls and Nozick

• Individualism
• In fact, the community is seen as nothing but
  the sum of individual preferences, therefore
  necessitating a morality of restraint. Even what
  appears to be a morality of care, for Rawls, is
  best characterized in terms of a limitation of
  the individuals limitless pursuit of gain and
  pleasure. So, although historically the ethic of
  care has not been omitted, it has certainly been
  overlooked in much modern and contemporary moral
  thought.

51
In Summary

• What Gilligan calls an ethic of care has not
  been ignored in the history of philosophy.
  Indeed, an ethic of care has been the
  predominant model for moral thinking until the
  last few centuries. Still, one can understand
  why it might seem as though the ethic of care has
  been omitted. The major thinkers in modern and
  even contemporary moral and social-political
  philosophy have been largely concerned with what
  Gilligan calls an ethic of justice. This is in
  view of the rise of modernism and its
  ramifications in thought and culture, and the two
  dominant ethical views prior to 1958 (Anscombes
  article) Utilitarianism vs. Deontological
  ethics.

52
Oppression of a Female Identity

• To be sure, some say that care ethicists and
  even more forceful feminist philosophers do bring
  a warranted claim that needs to be considered in
  contemporary society wherever gender oppression
  exists, critical evaluation and reform is needed.
  In fact, they argue that we need to end
  oppression wherever it exists, whereby certain
  types of people are not inherently seen as
  inherently valuable, where voices are neglected,
  rejected, discriminated, and persecuted.
• Do you agree or disagree? Why?
• WHAT IS YOUR JUSTIFICATION?

53
Alienation of a female identity in a Modernistic
Worldview

• However, like continental theorists, in
  contemporary thought some blame modernism with
  its emphasis upon rationality, individualism, and
  categorical-systematic thinking whereby females
  are defined, categorized related, and interpreted
  in view of their synchronic relationship to
  maleness, whether culturally, linguistically,
  etc. (hence, even the word fe-male or wo-man)
  to the extent that the psychological theory of
  and study of women have been alienated (e.g.,
  Freud).

54
Alienation of a female identity in a Modernistic
Worldview

• Whether there is really is a distinctly feminine
  care ethics perspective, it is difficult to
  deny that females have been ignored or
  undervalued, and even alienated in certain
  segments of Western thought and culture (e.g.,
  Taliban Marxism).

55
Lets consider the following?

• If women and men are significantly different in
  how they perceive and respond to others
  (relationships, opportunities, problems, etc),
  then when it comes moral conflicts, how would
  these two groups perceive and interpret moral
  conflicts? What is the probability that men and
  women would come to the same conclusion (consider
  Jake and Amys case)?
• All women jury vs. All men jury?
• 50 men vs.50 women on a jury?
• Moral conflicts at home?
• Moral conflicts at work?
• Moral conflicts at school?

56
Considerations from a Biblical WorldviewA
Harmony of Differences

• 1. Radical feminism has blurred the distinctions
  between the sexes, leaving men and women stranded
  in regard to forming their sex roles.
  Elizabeth Eliot.
• 2. Archetypes (First Stamp) Man and Woman
  were historical Adam and Eve. They were both
  made by God, in the image of God, and placed in
  moral responsibility (Gen. 1-2).
• 3. God created women gloriously different than
  man, from the man, for the man (fulfillment), and
  named by the man. It was not out of dust, but
  out of Adams rib.

57
Considerations from a Biblical Worldview

• 4. Each were given a responsibility expressed in
  different modality each expresses His image It
  is a glorious harmony of differences.
• 5. It was Gods idea of an operator and
  responder. Just as there is an ebb and flow,
  moon and sun, and lesser and greater. Likewise,
  Operator (leader, Adam) and co-operator
  (responder, Eve) (e.g., Waltz).

58
Considerations from a Biblical Worldview

• 6. The harmony was defaced by sin (Gen. 3). The
  original archetype was historical Adam and Eve
  (Gen. 126-27 Gen. 9). The serpent came and
  tempted her to upgrade her lifestyle. But, we
  have to remember that humanity was not created to
  bear the weight of responsibility from the Tree
  of Good and Evil. She was too proud be a human
  being, she wanted to be like God, appealing to
  the lust of the eyes, flesh, and pride of life.
  In Adams presence, she usurped Adams authority
  and he abdicated his leadership. Thus, he came
  to be responder and she became the operator.
  Believed she would be deprived of fulfillment
  from God, she yielded to that temptation.

59
Considerations from a Biblical Worldview

• 7. In view of yielding to the temptation, Adam
  ceased to husband Eve, failed to protect her,
  failed to be the leader, and capitulated to Eves
  whim. She took the initiative and usurped his
  authority, reversing the roles.
• 8. Where is fulfillment found? Is it in vocation
  or obedience? Fulfillment is located in
  obedience by saying yes Lord God, what do you
  want me to do? (involves obedience and being
  the appropriate godly person virtue).

60
Considerations from a Biblical Worldview

• 9. What is a biblical view of subordination
  (e.g., consider the doctrine of the Trinity)?
  Many problems or reactions to a biblical view of
  the harmony of differences is confusing
  essence and function. But just as the Only
  and only Triune God is one essence (Triunity),
  each member of the Trinity, fully and equally
  God, they also show an order or function of
  subordination (The Holy Spirit submits to the
  Son the Son submits to the Father). Made
  according to our likeness Genesis 126-27.
• 10. Philippians 19-10 relationships cannot be
  divorced from discernment.

61
Consider her perspective from a Biblical
worldviewWe are made in the image of God

• 1. Image content (intellect, will, emotion).
• 2. Image dominion (authority rule)
• 3. Image interpersonal relationships (in our
  image)
• 4. Representation (we are his Representatives)
• 5. Holistic (all the above seen like a
  diamond).

62
(No Transcript)