Title: Sensorbased and contextaware interactions
1Sensor-based and context-aware interactions
- Ebuba Udoh 0313957
- Idris Kargbo 0317960
- Linda Mensah 0508699
2 - a paradigm shift
- Users are unaware of interaction with the
computer - Interaction is implicit
- - i.e predicts what is useful to the user.
- Information is gathered from sensors
- In the environment
- - information world
- - bodies
3About Context-Aware Interaction
- Context-aware systems sense or remember
information about a person and the emotional or
physical situation. - The computer must remember things about a person,
the way the computer has worked in the past, and
the way a person is trying to engage with the
computer in the present.
4examples
- Lights being turned on when we enter a room(
sensor based interaction) - Suggestions made when buying books on-line e.g.
Amazon.co.uk (context-aware interaction) - Washbasin and air expeller (sensor based
interaction)
5 Examples
- FLEXOR a device that recognizes contextual
communication through arm motion. It uses
arm-bending sensor to evaluate motions made by an
arm. When the user is moving an arm as, it
flashes a varying sequence of lights and sounds.
When the user is exercising and moves an arm,
Flexor counts the amount of repetitions that have
been done.
6 Examples
- AUTOMATIC DOORS
- Automatic doors falls under implicit
interaction, as sometimes, a user does not intend
to perform to interact with the application.
However, the application recognizes its meaning
and considers as an input. (e.g., automatic doors
will open if a person waits near it, but does not
intend to enter a room)
7Its support/help HCI in the IT environment
- Implicit nature of interaction has made
human-computer relationship seamless that users
are unaware of interaction - Brought us closer to mark weisers vision
- the most profound technologies are those that
disappear i.e. the environment is empower to
sense understand the context of activities
within it.
8Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment
- Sensor is a device that detect and convert
physical change in to electrical signal. - A computing device monitors and interpret
electrical signals from sensors and transmits
commands to actuators. The IT industry uses
computer equipment to process information before
this processing can take place, the information
has to be presented to the computer equipment for
and output result.
9Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment
- In the past, before digital computers,
information was presented as signal levels. A
temperature sensor may have a voltage output.
The warmer is gets, and more voltage is develops.
Most sensors have analogue outputs and have to
be processed by an A/D converter to get a digital
value. -
10Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment
- By the same token, when an output comes from
digital computing equipment, it will be a number.
These number are usually have to be converted
back into an analogue value before it can be used
to operate e.g. Auto pilot in aircraft This
device is a lot more complex and can maintain
e.g. speed, direction and height. The principles
are the same when the aircraft loses height,
11Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment
- The engine must work harder, but then the speed
increases. To reduce the sped, the nose must be
raised so that the aeroplane now climb and the
speed will reduce as height is gained. When
direction need to be adjusted, the ailerons are
activated to roll the wings into a bank. To
improve turning, balanced, the rudder is now
applied as well. When the required direction is
achieved,
12Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment
- The controls are reversed and the aeroplane rolls
back into a straight and level flight attitude.
Sensor used Attitude sensor, Airspeed sensor,
Directional Gyroscopic sensor with magnetic
compass link, slip and turn sensor Bank sensor,
Pitch sensor etc. Actuators Aileron servo,
Rudder servo, all these are link to a central
computer and been interact with by human being.
13Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment.
- CO2 to control building by means of
computerised systems, you have an array of
sensors that tells the computing equipment what
conditions in the building are. Some of the
input may be derived from tables in a program to
reflect room booking and shut-down periods. The
computing equipment will also have reference
tables to tell it what the desirable condition
for the building or rooms
14Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment.
- Are when they are occupied and when not in
occupation. Ambient light sensors can reflect
light levels and the computing equipment can
respond by adjusting these levels by sending
commands to light dimmer in that area.
Temperature sensors work in the same way. It
tell the computer what the room temperature is.
The computer then determine from a table in its
program
15Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- Weather the room is occupied or not. When in
occupation, it may have to adjust the temperature
higher that when not occupied. The computer
equipment calculates what commands need to go to
the devices that adjust the temperature and send
s these command to the right places. Since
people are not as dependable as machines are in
most cases, there are sensor that determine room
occupancy by themselvs.
16Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- Generally, these are Co2 sensors they determine
the amount of breathing which reflect human
presence. If there are large people in the
lecture theatre you do not want to blast a lot of
fresh air in. Fresh air is usually cold to be
heated before fed to the room. To conserve
energy, youd rather just enough fresh air to
meet the peoples requirements.
17Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- This fresh air heated mixed with extracted air
from the room and then blown back into the room.
The occupants will experience warm fresh air and
your heating will be a lot less! If on the other
hand, there are 200 bodies present, you cannot
save on the heating first. When the room is no
longer occupied, the CO2 will tell the computer
equipment and the response will be to feed no
air in as there is
18Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- No such requirement. This means the heating and
air circulation will slow down to save energy in
the motors blowing the air through!
19Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- BIOMETRIC This group of sensors detect
characteristics of human so as to identify them.
The classic example is the fingerprint sensor.
As we all know, no two person have the same
fingerprint. This feature is unique and used to
identify a person. Other e.g. is the retina
patterns in the eye which works just the same way
as fingerprint. Facial feature era also used to
identify individuals.
20Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- - It also help to identify access control in a
building. In emergency situation, all staff that
are in the building thus swipe their card and
that read in a computer. Example, if there is
fire in the building, When the fire expert
arrive they will know the exact amount that
entered the building, and the one that are out
and the remaining balance in the building and
their location.
21Examples how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- INTRUDER ALARM Is connected with P.I.R (Passive
Infra-Red) use to protect a building from
intruders or unauthorised people to certain
areas. This is link to a central computer that
tells the time and the date it was set and if
unset as well. Its a type of sensor that senses
infra-red emitted by a body of a living
warm-blooded being. It cannot discriminate
between a human and a
22Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- Dog or bird.
- PROXIMITY/OYSTER CARD This is another sensor
that support/help Human Computer interaction in
the environment. Its read all your location,
time from one point to the other through a
central computer. Proximity readers and cards
are often used in low security access systems.
23Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment
- The benefit is that the card doesnt have to come
into contact with the reader. There is
therefore no mechanical wear present, the sensor
emits radio energy which is received by the card.
The computer equipment senses the number and
decides what to do with it.
24References