Sensorbased and contextaware interactions

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Sensor-based and context-aware interactions

• Ebuba Udoh 0313957
• Idris Kargbo 0317960
• Linda Mensah 0508699

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- a paradigm shift

• Users are unaware of interaction with the
  computer
• Interaction is implicit
• - i.e predicts what is useful to the user.
• Information is gathered from sensors
• In the environment
• - information world
• - bodies

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About Context-Aware Interaction

• Context-aware systems sense or remember
  information about a person and the emotional or
  physical situation.
• The computer must remember things about a person,
  the way the computer has worked in the past, and
  the way a person is trying to engage with the
  computer in the present.

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examples

• Lights being turned on when we enter a room(
  sensor based interaction)
• Suggestions made when buying books on-line e.g.
  Amazon.co.uk (context-aware interaction)
• Washbasin and air expeller (sensor based
  interaction)

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Examples

• FLEXOR a device that recognizes contextual
  communication through arm motion. It uses
  arm-bending sensor to evaluate motions made by an
  arm. When the user is moving an arm as, it
  flashes a varying sequence of lights and sounds.
  When the user is exercising and moves an arm,
  Flexor counts the amount of repetitions that have
  been done.

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Examples

• AUTOMATIC DOORS
• Automatic doors falls under implicit
  interaction, as sometimes, a user does not intend
  to perform to interact with the application.
  However, the application recognizes its meaning
  and considers as an input. (e.g., automatic doors
  will open if a person waits near it, but does not
  intend to enter a room)

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Its support/help HCI in the IT environment

• Implicit nature of interaction has made
  human-computer relationship seamless that users
  are unaware of interaction
• Brought us closer to mark weisers vision
• the most profound technologies are those that
  disappear i.e. the environment is empower to
  sense understand the context of activities
  within it.

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Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment

• Sensor is a device that detect and convert
  physical change in to electrical signal.
• A computing device monitors and interpret
  electrical signals from sensors and transmits
  commands to actuators. The IT industry uses
  computer equipment to process information before
  this processing can take place, the information
  has to be presented to the computer equipment for
  and output result.

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Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment

• In the past, before digital computers,
  information was presented as signal levels. A
  temperature sensor may have a voltage output.
  The warmer is gets, and more voltage is develops.
  Most sensors have analogue outputs and have to
  be processed by an A/D converter to get a digital
  value.

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Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment

• By the same token, when an output comes from
  digital computing equipment, it will be a number.
  These number are usually have to be converted
  back into an analogue value before it can be used
  to operate e.g. Auto pilot in aircraft This
  device is a lot more complex and can maintain
  e.g. speed, direction and height. The principles
  are the same when the aircraft loses height,

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Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment

• The engine must work harder, but then the speed
  increases. To reduce the sped, the nose must be
  raised so that the aeroplane now climb and the
  speed will reduce as height is gained. When
  direction need to be adjusted, the ailerons are
  activated to roll the wings into a bank. To
  improve turning, balanced, the rudder is now
  applied as well. When the required direction is
  achieved,

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Sensors, Computing and Actuators to complement
HCI in the IT Environment

• The controls are reversed and the aeroplane rolls
  back into a straight and level flight attitude.
  Sensor used Attitude sensor, Airspeed sensor,
  Directional Gyroscopic sensor with magnetic
  compass link, slip and turn sensor Bank sensor,
  Pitch sensor etc. Actuators Aileron servo,
  Rudder servo, all these are link to a central
  computer and been interact with by human being.

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment.

• CO2 to control building by means of
  computerised systems, you have an array of
  sensors that tells the computing equipment what
  conditions in the building are. Some of the
  input may be derived from tables in a program to
  reflect room booking and shut-down periods. The
  computing equipment will also have reference
  tables to tell it what the desirable condition
  for the building or rooms

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment.

• Are when they are occupied and when not in
  occupation. Ambient light sensors can reflect
  light levels and the computing equipment can
  respond by adjusting these levels by sending
  commands to light dimmer in that area.
  Temperature sensors work in the same way. It
  tell the computer what the room temperature is.
  The computer then determine from a table in its
  program

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• Weather the room is occupied or not. When in
  occupation, it may have to adjust the temperature
  higher that when not occupied. The computer
  equipment calculates what commands need to go to
  the devices that adjust the temperature and send
  s these command to the right places. Since
  people are not as dependable as machines are in
  most cases, there are sensor that determine room
  occupancy by themselvs.

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• Generally, these are Co2 sensors they determine
  the amount of breathing which reflect human
  presence. If there are large people in the
  lecture theatre you do not want to blast a lot of
  fresh air in. Fresh air is usually cold to be
  heated before fed to the room. To conserve
  energy, youd rather just enough fresh air to
  meet the peoples requirements.

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• This fresh air heated mixed with extracted air
  from the room and then blown back into the room.
  The occupants will experience warm fresh air and
  your heating will be a lot less! If on the other
  hand, there are 200 bodies present, you cannot
  save on the heating first. When the room is no
  longer occupied, the CO2 will tell the computer
  equipment and the response will be to feed no
  air in as there is

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• No such requirement. This means the heating and
  air circulation will slow down to save energy in
  the motors blowing the air through!

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• BIOMETRIC This group of sensors detect
  characteristics of human so as to identify them.
  The classic example is the fingerprint sensor.
  As we all know, no two person have the same
  fingerprint. This feature is unique and used to
  identify a person. Other e.g. is the retina
  patterns in the eye which works just the same way
  as fingerprint. Facial feature era also used to
  identify individuals.

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• - It also help to identify access control in a
  building. In emergency situation, all staff that
  are in the building thus swipe their card and
  that read in a computer. Example, if there is
  fire in the building, When the fire expert
  arrive they will know the exact amount that
  entered the building, and the one that are out
  and the remaining balance in the building and
  their location.

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Examples how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• INTRUDER ALARM Is connected with P.I.R (Passive
  Infra-Red) use to protect a building from
  intruders or unauthorised people to certain
  areas. This is link to a central computer that
  tells the time and the date it was set and if
  unset as well. Its a type of sensor that senses
  infra-red emitted by a body of a living
  warm-blooded being. It cannot discriminate
  between a human and a

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• Dog or bird.
• PROXIMITY/OYSTER CARD This is another sensor
  that support/help Human Computer interaction in
  the environment. Its read all your location,
  time from one point to the other through a
  central computer. Proximity readers and cards
  are often used in low security access systems.
  

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Examples and how they support/Help Human Computer
interaction in the IT environment

• The benefit is that the card doesnt have to come
  into contact with the reader. There is
  therefore no mechanical wear present, the sensor
  emits radio energy which is received by the card.
  The computer equipment senses the number and
  decides what to do with it.

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References

• idrIS