Nonverbal Communication Communication without use o

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Nonverbal Communication

• Communication without use of linguistic means.
  Linguistic means spoken and written language  
• Nonverbal includes aural and visual communication
  (but non-linguistic)
• Example Spoken words - verbal
• But tone of voice - nonverbal

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Nonverbal cues in relation to verbal cues.

• repeat the verbal message.  
• contradict the verbal message.
• substitute for the verbal message.
• complement and accent the verbal message  
• regulate the back and forth flow of
• communication between people

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Forms of Nonverbal Communication

• Communication environment
• Physical appearance
• Proxemics
• Body motion (kinesic behavior).
• Paralanguage (nonverbal vocal cues) 
• Touching behavior (haptics)
• Chronemics or the use of time.

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Communication environment

• Those elements that impinge on the human
  relationship but are not directly a part of it
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• There are fixed and semi-fixed features of the
  environment

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Physical appearance

• The communicator's physical characteristics.
• Include body type, general attractiveness,
  height, weight,
• hair and skin color, clothing, etc.

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Proxemics

• The study of interpersonal distance or space
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• The use of interpersonal space or distance helps
  individuals regulate intimacy by controlling
  sensory exposure.

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Our territories

• Intimate distance touching to approx. 18 inches
  from another person our personal bubble
• Personal distance 18 inches to 4 feet a
  personal zone "by personal invitation only"
• Social distance 4 to 12 feet (business meetings
  and impersonal social gatherings.
• Public distance ranges from 12 to 15 feet

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Body motion (kinesics).

• Facial expressions (e.g., smiles) and body
  movements (e.g., gestures, posture) help us to
  express attitudes, emotions, or to manage
  communication.

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Paralanguage

• Paralanguage consists of the nonverbal vocal cues
  that surround speech behavior
• Pitch, range, rhythm, tempo, and resonance.
• Intonation
• Vocalizations (e.g., laughing, crying, sighing,
  whispering) 
• The dialect we speak.

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Touching
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Chronemics

• The use of time.
• Two distinguishable patterns of time monochronic
  (M-time)
• polychronic (P-time).