SEMINAR ON SUPERCHARGER

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SEMINAR ONSUPERCHARGER
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Content..

• Supercharger , the engine booster.
• Why supercharger ??
• How it works ???
• Working diagram of supercharger.
• Classification of supercharger.
• History.
• Roots supercharger.
• Twin-Screw Supercharger.
• Centrifugal Supercharger.
• Drives used in Supercharger.
• Supercharger, An edge over turbocharger
• Nothing is perfect.
• Conclusion.

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Supercharger,The Engine Booster

• A supercharger is an equipment that
  compresses the air being delivered to an engine,
  allowing the combustion chamber to be overfilled
  without enlarging
• the space.
• The higher concentration of
• oxygen provided by a super-
• charger is matched with a larger
• amount of fuel from the fuel injectors
• thus boosting the power of the
• engine.

A typical supercharger
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Why Supercharger ??

• Increases the power of an engine.
• A supercharger spinning at 50,000 RPM translates
  to a boost of about six to nine pounds per square
  inch(psi).
• Increases the torque produced.
• An efficiently working supercharger can achieve
  the same speed in one third time.
• Necessary in aero-planes as they have less oxygen
  at high altitudes.
• Ensures complete combustion of the fuel.
• Reduces pollution to some extent.

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Principle of working

• More fuel More air Bigger explosion
  Greater horsepower.
• NOTE
• But we cannot simply pump more fuel into the
  engine.
• The chemically correct mixture (14 1 air
  fuel) is essential for an engine to operate
  perfectly.
• Thus superchargers provides more air by
  compressing air above atmospheric pressure ,
  hence providing more fuel into the charge would
  make for a more powerful explosion .
• Thus Increased Power , Torque and Speed is
  achieved.

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A standard engine with the addition of a
supercharger
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Classification of Superchargers

• Based on method of compression, Superchargers
  can be classified as-
• 1. Positive-displacement type, which deliver a
  nearly-fixed volume of air per revolution at all
  speeds and a fairly constant level of boost
  regardless of engine speed.
• 2. Dynamic compressors rely on accelerating
  the air to high speed and then exchanging that
  velocity for pressure by diffusing or slowing it
  down deliver increasing boost with increasing
  engine speed.

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Commonly used Superchargers
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History

• The Roots supercharger is the oldest design
  of supercharger.
• Philander and Francis Roots patented the design
  in 1860 as a
• machine that would help ventilate mine
  shafts.
• In 1900, Gottleib Daimler for the first time
  included a Roots
• supercharger in a car engine.

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Roots supercharger

• As the meshing lobes spin, air trapped in the
  pockets between the lobes is carried between the
  fill side and the discharge side Large
  quantities of air move into the intake manifold
  and "stack up" to create positive pressure.
• Roots superchargers are usually large and sit on
  top of the engine.
• Roots superchargers are the least efficient
  supercharger for two reasons-
• 1.)They add more weight to the vehicle.
• 2.)They provide air in discrete bursts instead of
• providing in a smooth and continuous manner.

Working-
Working of a roots supercharger
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Twin-Screw Supercharger

• A twin-screw supercharger operates by pulling air
  through a pair of meshing lobes that resemble a
  set of worm gears.
• A twin-screw supercharger compresses the air
  inside the rotor housing (That's because the
  rotors have a conical taper, which means the air
  pockets decrease in size as air moves from the
  fill side to the discharge side).
• As the air pockets shrink,
• the air is squeezed into a smaller space.

Working of a twin-screw supercharger
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Contd

• Thus twin-screw superchargers are more efficient
  compared to roots supercharger.
• They cost more because the screw-type rotors
  require more precision in
• the manufacturing process.
• They also make a lot of noise.
• The compressed air exiting the discharge outlet
  creates a whine or
• whistle that must be checked with noise
  suppression techniques.

Twin-screw supercharger
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Centrifugal Supercharger

• A centrifugal supercharger works by powering an
  impeller
• (a device similar to a rotor) at very high
  speeds to quickly draw
• air into a small compressor housing.
• Impeller speeds can reach 50,000 to 60,000 RPM.
• Centrifugal superchargers are
• the most efficient and the most
• common induction systems.
• They are small, lightweight and
• attachable to the front of the
• Engine.

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• Working-
• As the air is drawn in the hub of the impeller,
  centrifugal force causes it to radiate outward.
• The air leaves the impeller at high speed, but
  low pressure.
• A diffuser converts the high-speed , low-pressure
  air to low-speed ,
• high-pressure air.
• Thus pressurized air is achieved.

Working of a centrifugal supercharger
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Drives used in supercharger

• Mechanical-
• Belt (V belt, Toothed belt Flat belt).
• Gear drive.
• Chain drive.
• Exhaust gas turbines-
• Axial turbine.
• Radial turbine.
• Other-
• Electric motor.

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Supercharger, An edge over turbocharger

• Superchargers do not suffer lag- Superchargers
  have no lag time because they are driven directly
  by the crankshaft, whereas Turbochargers suffer
  from lag because it takes a few moments before
  the exhaust gases reach a velocity that is
  sufficient to drive the impeller/turbine.
• Modification of the exhaust system- Installing a
  turbocharger requires extensive modification of
  the exhaust system, but superchargers can be
  bolted to the top or side of the engine , that
  makes them cheaper to install and easier to
  service and maintain.

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• Contd.
• Shutdown procedure-
• No special shutdown procedure is required with
  superchargers as they are not lubricated by
  engine oil . They can be shut down normally.
  Turbochargers must idle for about 30 seconds or
  so prior to shutdown so the lubricating oil has a
  chance to cool down.

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Nothing is perfect

• It derives power from the engine itself
  Crankshaft drives superchargers so they steal
  some of the engine's horsepower. A supercharger
  can consume as much as 20 percent of an engine's
  total power output.
• (But because a supercharger can generate as
  much as 46 percent additional horsepower, I think
  the trade-off is worth it).
• An added strain on the engine Supercharging puts
  an added strain on the engine, which needs to be
  strong to handle the extra boost and bigger
  explosions.
• An extra expense Heavy-duty components , design
  complexity maintenance add an extra burden on
  the expenses.

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Conclusion

• Despite their disadvantages, superchargers are
  still the most cost-effective way to increase
  horsepower.
• Superchargers can result in power increase of 50
  to 100 percent, making them great for racing,
  towing heavy loads or just adding excitement to
  the typical driving experience.
• It is a must use component in an airplanes.
• With the use of high octane premium-grade gas , I
  think it is a miracle invention for speed
  junkies.

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THANK YOU!