TEKS

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TEKS TAKSThe Founding Fathers
Margery Petrovich Ed.D. mjwp47_at_swbell.net
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TAKS Objective 1, History

• 8.4 The student understands significant political
  and economic issues of the revolutionary era.
  The student is expected to(B) explain the roles
  played by significant individuals during the
  American Revolution, including Samuel Adams,
  Benjamin Franklin, King George III, Thomas
  Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and George Washington.

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TAKS Objective 4, Government

• 8.18 The student understands the dynamic nature
  of the powers of the national and state
  governments in a federal system. The student if
  expected to(A) analyze the arguments of the
  Federalists and Anti-Federalists, including
  Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry, James Madison,
  and George Mason.

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Objective 5, Critical Thinking Skills

• Sequencing
• Categorizing
• Identifying cause-and-effect relationships
• Comparing
• Contrasting
• Finding the main idea
• Summarizing
• Making generalizations

• Drawing inferences
• Drawing conclusions
• Interpreting information from maps, graphs,
  charts, timelines
• Identifying points of view
• Identifying bias

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George Washington

• Leadership Qualities
• Tall, commanding presence
• Symbol of American virtue
• Charismatic warrior and politician
• Abigail Adams said, He has the dignity which
  forbids familiarity mixed with an easy affability
  which creates love and reverence.

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...continued

• Public Life
• Land surveyor
• Early military experience
• Virginia House of Burgesses
• Delegate to the Continental Congress
• Commander in chief of Continental Army
• Presiding officer of the Constitutional
  Convention
• First US president and Father of His Country

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Thomas Paine
These are the times that try mens souls.

• Immigrated to colonies shortly before Revolution
• Wrote Common Sense, a call to revolution, in 1776
• Wrote ideas of revolution in simple language for
  all to understand
• His pamphlet, The Crisis, inspired the army to
  fight
• Unsuccessful in a variety of jobs, he died a
  penniless drunkard

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Thomas Jefferson
Author of the Declaration of Independence

• A Renaissance Man
• Political philosopher
• Architect
• Musician
• Book collector
• Scientist
• Horticulturist
• Diplomat Linguist
• Inventor
• Politician
• Referred to his years as president as splendid
  misery.

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Jeffersons Tombstone

• Here was buried
• Thomas Jefferson
• Author of the Declaration of Independence
• Of the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom
• And Father of the University of Virginia

and not one word more.
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Benjamin Franklin

• As a printer he established the Pennsylvania
  Gazette and wrote Poor Richards Almanack
• Invented the lightning rod, Franklin stove, and
  bifocal glasses
• An accomplished musician, he played the violin,
  harp, and guitar
• As a scientist he was interested in electricity
  and the weather

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continued

• As a statesman and diplomat he signed all four
  important documents of the Revolutionary era
• Declaration of Independence
• Alliance with France
• Treaty of Paris
• US Constitution

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Samuel Adams

• Major early leader of the American Revolution
• Led protest against Stamp Act
• Founded the Sons of Liberty
• Organized the Boston Tea Party
• Served in the Continental Congress
• Signed the Declaration of Independence

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Alexander Hamilton

• Aide-de-camp to Washington
• Experience at Valley Forge brought him to feel
  that a strong central government was needed
• At the Annapolis Convention he drafted a call for
  the Constitutional Convention where he made the
  longest speech
• Co-authored with Madison the Federalist Papers
• States rights issue divided Madison and Hamilton

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continued

• Dramatic orator with personal appeal
• As Secretary of the Treasury he was responsible
  for establishing a policy of national credit and
  credibility
• Pay all foreign debts
• Pay domestic debts
• Assume state debts
• According to a contemporary, The mighty mind of
  Hamilton would at times bear down all opposition
  by its comprehensive grasp and the strength of
  his reasoning power.
• As a Federalist, he supported a strong Central
  government.

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Patrick Henry

• A passionate and fiery orator who proposed the
  Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions
• As a lawyer he argued for broader suffrage
• Served in the 1st Continental Congress and as
  Governor of Virginia
• As an anti-Federalist, he strongly opposed the
  Constitution, favoring strong state governments
  and a weak federal government.

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James Madison

• Served in the Virginia House of Delegates
• Served in the Continental Congress
• Father of the Constitution
• Sponsor of the Bill of Rights
• A Federalist supporter, he co-authored the
  Federalist Papers
• Secretary of State under Jefferson
• 4th president of the United States

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John Adams

• Harvard law graduate
• Led Massachusetts movement for revolution
• Served in Continental Congresses
• Diplomatic service in Holland, France, Britain
• Negotiated Treaty of Paris
• 1st vice president and 2nd president

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Treaty 0f Paris, 1783
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George Mason

• One of the wealthiest Virginia planters
• Protested Stamp Act
• Protested Intolerable Acts in the Fairfax County
  Resolves
• US Bill of Rights based on Masons Virginia
  Declaration of Rights
• As a delegate to the Constitutional Convention,
  he refused to sign the final document
• Supported Anti-Federalist position

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George III

• Known as the king who lost the American colonies
  and went mad
• Surrounded by poor ministers whose primary
  concern was their own interests
• Strongly opposed the colonists revolt
• Many of the colonists grievances were against
  acts of Parliament not actions of the king

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continued

• John Adams said of the British The pride and
  vanity of that nation is a disease it is a
  delirium it has been flattered and inflamed so
  long by themselves and others that it perverts
  everything.
• About the loss of America, George III said
  ...that knavery seems to be so much the striking
  feature of its inhabitants that it may not be in
  the end an evil that they become aliens to this
  Kingdom.

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Resources Where to Look

• http//socialstudies.tea.state.tx.us/downloads/do
  wnloads.htm, click on TAKS Review Activities
• www.pbs.org/jefferson/enlight/
• www.pbs.org/georgewashington/, Rediscovering
  George Washington, 90 min.
• www.ushistory.org
• www.irqpa.org/lphs/1948/4th/FATHERS.htm
• www.mountvernon.org
• www.gunstonhall.org/georgemason

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Compare and Contrast theFounding Fathers below

• Jefferson and Franklin
• Washington and Samuel Adams
• Patrick Henry and Thomas Paine
• Hamilton and Jefferson

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Place the Founding Fathers into the following
categories

• Southern Planters (Tidewater Piedmont)
• Lawyers
• Journalists/Writers
• Military Commanders
• Politicians
• Agitators/Radicals
• Diplomats

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Inferences, Conclusions, Generalizations

• Inferences about social status of
  revolutionaries
• Conclusions about the characteristics of people
  who bring about revolutions, those who carry out
  revolutions, and those who finish revolutions
• Generalizations about personal qualities of
  leaders of revolutions

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What kind of test item???

• Think of a multiple choice stem and answer--
• Use one of the critical thinking skills
• Example
• In which of the following categories would the...
• Which of the following quotes best represents...
• Based on the information below, what inference...
  

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Ideas for Sequencing Lessons

• Using a Chronological Approach
• Colonization
• Independence
• Early Republic
• Westward Expansion
• Industrialization
• Sectionalism
• Civil War

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Or...

• Using a Conceptual Approach
• People who Made a Difference
• Migration and Settlement
• Conflict and Compromise
• Economic Development
• The Constitution and Politics
• Wars and Treaties
• Geographical Influences
• Reformers and Change

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Example Chronological OrganizationWestward
Expansion

• Lesson Titles
• Areas Acquired to Form the U.S.
• Northwest Ordinance
• Manifest Destiny
• Mexican War
• Impact of Geographical Factorson Historical
  Events

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Example Conceptual OrganizationPeople Who Made
a Difference

• Lesson Titles
• People of the American Revolution
• Foundations of Representative Government
• Leaders of the Abolitionist Movement
• Technological and Scientific Innovators
• Leaders of the Civil War