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THE COMING OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

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THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM AND COMING OF THE WAR COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF CAUSES OF THE WAR Early Interpretations Reflect Sectionalism North blamed Southern greed and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: THE COMING OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR


1
THE COMING OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
  • THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM AND COMING OF THE WAR

2
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF CAUSES OF THE WAR
  • Early Interpretations Reflect Sectionalism
  • North blamed Southern greed and slavery (John
    Draper)
  • South blamed misunderstanding caused by northern
    materialism versus gentle values of South (Edward
    Pollard)
  • Copperheads blamed extremists
  • Later Professional Historians Broadened Arguments
  • Scientific Progressive historians rejected
    regional bias, sought answers in cultural
    differences (Edward Channing, Charles Beard) or
    interest in the West (Turner)
  • Southern historians focused on States Rights
    (Frank Owlsley)
  • Consensus historians argued that Copperheads were
    correct (Kenneth Stampp)

3
THE RISE OF SECTIONALISM
  • Argument Popular with Early Southern Historians
    and Progressives
  • Argues North and South, and even West distinct
    cultures and economies
  • South cash crop agricultural, Jeffersonian
    ideology, aristocratic values, slave labor force,
    rural society
  • North commercial and industrial, Hamiltonian
    ideology, Puritan values, free labor, urban
    society
  • West livestock and grain agriculture, Jacksonian
    ideology, independent, family labor, frontier
    society (D. H. Fischer)
  • The differences created cultural, economic, and
    political divisions during the Antebellum Period

4
Map of Sections
5
Slavery
  • Average Slave field hand value rose from 200 in
    1800 to 600 in 1859. At any given time only 25
    of whites owned slaves but non-slave owners still
    made use by renting or using the slaves at the
    bigger plantations to prepare their crops for
    market.
  • http//www.innercity.org/holt/slavechron.html

6
Examples of Slave Related Issues
  • Northwest Ordinance (1787)
  • http//earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/milestones/or
    dinance/
  • Missouri Compromise (1820)
  • http//civilwar.bluegrass.net/secessioncrisis/2003
    03.html
  • Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)
  • http//www.constitution.org/hwdebate/hwdebate.htm
  • Wilmot Proviso (1846)
  • http//dig.lib.niu.edu/message/ps-wilmotproviso.ht
    ml
  • Compromise of 1850 (1850)
  • http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2951.html
  • Uncle Toms Cabin (1852)
  • http//www.harrietbeecherstowe.org/
  • Bleeding Kansas (1855)
  • http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h84.html
  • Dred Scott Decision (1857)
  • http//odur.let.rug.nl/usa/D/1851-1875/dredscott/
    dredxx.htm
  • Harpers Ferry Raid (1859)
  • http//www.iath.virginia.edu/jbrown/master.html

7
Tariff
  • Northern support for tariff protected their new
    industries/jobs and was another means of raising
    federal funds.
  • Tariff of Abominations
  • First Threat of Secession by South (1828)
  • http//www.arches.uga.edu/mgagnon/students/4070/0
    4SP4070-Burns.htm

8
Internal Improvements
  • Southern River systems provided easy and cheap
    transportation. Westerners and Easterners wanted
    federal funding to build roads, canals, and
    railroads.
  • National Road (1806-1818)
  • http//www.nps.gov/fone/natlroad.htm

9
National Bank
  • Northern industrialists and commercial interests
    wanted a central bank to regulate the money
    supply. Westerners and Southerners were
    generally against a national bank.
  • Jacksons Veto of the 2nd Bank of the U.S. (1832)
  • http//www.whitehousehistory.org/04/subs/04_b_1832
    .html

10
Expansion
  • Southern farming techniques and westerners demand
    for cheap land conflicted with Northern
    industrial attempts to secure cheap labor
  • Examples
  • Louisiana Purchase (1803)
  • Missouri Compromise (1820)
  • Annexation of Texas (1845)
  • Oregon Treaty (1846)
  • Mexican-American War (1848)
  • Gadsden Purchase (1853)
  • http//edtech.kennesaw.edu/web/westward.html

11
States Rights
  • Southern fears of the larger population in the
    North and Jeffersonian ideology that argued
    democracy worked better with smaller population
    led them to fear the central government
  • Examples
  • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798)
  • South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)
  • Popular Sovereignty
  • http//www.civilwarhome.com/wheelercauses.htm

12
Cultural Differences
  • Nothern Culture represented as money hungry, and
    exploitive of workers. Seen by Southerners as
    mercenary and cowardly. Northerners believed
    they were more humane and industrious
  • Southern Culture represented as abusive and
    violent. Northerners felt they were ignorant and
    lazy. Southerners felt they represented
    aristocratic values.
  • http//www.olemiss.edu/depts/south/

13
Extremist Reactions
  • Some scholars argue that the war was caused by a
    minority of extremists who drove the country into
    conflict over minor issues
  • Examples
  • Calhoun and Nullification (1828)
  • Bleeding Kansas (1855)
  • Caning of Charles Sumner (1856)
  • Harpers Ferry Raid (1859)
  • http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2940.html

14
Lincolns Election
  • Lincoln is seen as being too extreme and his
    election forced Southerners who would have
    accepted any other candidate to secede.
  • Won a minority of the popular vote
  • Demonized by the South as Black Republican.
  • http//valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/outlines/election.
    html

15
Ft. Sumter
  • In April of 1861, Abraham Lincoln decided to
    challenge the siege at the fort, conducted by
    P.T.G. Beauregard, by sending the Star of the
    West with supplies. Southerners argued this was
    an unnecessary provocation and fired on the fort.
    Northerners believed the South fired the first
    shot and the war was in self-defense.
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