Chapter 15: Interactions of Living Things

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Chapter 15 Interactions of Living Things

• Note-taking Worksheet 2
• Section 3 Matter and Energy

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• Food contains nutrients and energy needed for
  organisms to survive in an ecosystem. When one
  organism is food for another organism, some of
  the energy in the first organism is transferred
  to the second organism.

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All energy begins with the sun. The process of
photosynthesis converts radiant energy into
chemical energy.

• For example When you eat an ear of corn, your
  body uses chemical energy to carry on lifes
  functions.

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All living things get their energy one of two
ways1) If they use the suns energy to make
their own food energy they are called producers.
All plants are producers as well as some other
organisms.
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All living things get their energy one of two
ways2) If they get their energy by eating
others then they are called consumers. There are
several different types of consumers.
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• A. Herbivore plant-eating animal or organism.
  They are primary consumers.

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B. Omnivore Organism that eats both plants and
animals. They are considered a secondary
consumer.
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• C. Carnivore meat-eating animal or organism.
  They are also considered secondary consumers.

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• But if they are on the top of the food chain,
  they are called a Top Carnivore. They are the
  tertiary or third-level consumer.

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• D. Decomposers organisms that get energy from
  breaking down dead organisms.

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E. Scavengers Organism that gets their energy
from eating dead meat.
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Quiz Time Questions

1. Photosynthesis converts _______ energy to _______
   energy.
2. What type of organism uses sunlight directly, to
   form sugars?
3. What eats producers?
4. How do decomposers meet their energy needs?
5. If an organism eats a plant so it can use its
   stored sugars to meet its energy needs, then what
   group is the organism classified in?
6. If many of the producers of an ecosystem die off,
   what will happen to the consumers in the same
   ecosystem?
7. After a plant dies, bacteria will sometimes feed
   on the plant for its stored nutrients, what type
   of organism are the bacteria?

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A food chain shows how each living thing gets
food.
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A food web shows the feeding relationships of all
the animals in a particular area.
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The energy pyramid shows how energy is passed
along. Most biomass and most energy are at the
bottom of the pyramid. There is less biomass and
less energy as you go up the pyramid.
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Material from a dead plant or animal is called
biomass. Decomposers eat biomass to get the
chemical energy needed to live. The remaining
chemical energy is released into the soil in the
ecosystem.
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When people make compost piles, they are
utilizing the chemical energy that comes from
biomass to create nutrient rich soil. Compost
piles are made by throwing food scraps, plant
remains and manure and into a pile for several
weeks to months.
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Another type of relationship living organisms
have is a parasite/host. A parasite is something
that lives and benefits off of a host. Examples
of parasites are tapeworms, fleas and ticks.
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Quiz Time Questions

• 8. Where does the greatest amount of energy come
  from, the top or the bottom of the food pyramid?
• 9. Biomass contains __________ energy.
• When an organism lives and feeds off of another
  organism, it is called a _________.
• The organism that it is feeding off of is called
  the _________.
• People make compost piles so they can create
  _______________.

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Meadow Food Web

• Directions
• Step 1 Turn the white sheet of paper the long
  way. Draw grass, seeds, flowers, and plants on
  the bottom.
• Step 2 Cut out the animal figures. Glue the
  OWL to the top of your food web.
• Step 3 Arrange the other animals on the page
  leaving room to draw arrows in between.
• -Put the Primary Consumers near the grass and
  plants.
• -Place the Secondary Consumers above the Primary
  Consumers.
• -Place any animals that eat both plants and
  animals above the primary and secondary
  consumers.
• Step 4 Glue the pieces into place.
• Step 5 Draw energy arrows from each item to the
  animal that eats it.

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