Feline Diabetes

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Feline Diabetes
Pam Baker, D.V.M.
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Special Thanks to Nancy Johnson
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Dedicated to Delli, Harry(GA) Leo(GA)
Harry Johnson 1986 - 1/1/2000
Delli Baker
Leo Gibson 1986-1999
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What are the typical clinical signs of diabetes?
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Polydypsia
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How much drinking is too much?
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Polydypsia water intake gt 45 mL/kg/day
A 4 kg cat should not consume more than 3/4 cup/
day
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Polyuria
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Polyphagia
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Weight loss
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Underwear fetishes?
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Temporary high blood sugars cause illness, low
blood sugars cause death
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Hypoglycemia

• lethargy

• increased appetite

• grumpiness

• incoordination/staggering

• nausea

• seizures

• death

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Dandruff
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Dandruff?
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Hypoglycemia
What clinical sign of hypoglycemia have we
missed?
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A cat with hypoglycemia may show no obvious
clinical signs!
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Daffy Baker 1982-1999
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Monitoring
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Testing Urine Glucose
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Blood Glucose
Renal threshhold
Time
A
- urine glucose will be increased at time A
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Blood Glucose
Renal threshold
Time
B
- urine glucose will be increased at time B,
even though the cat has become hypoglycemic!
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Testing Urine Ketones
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Testing Urine Ketones
- urine test strips check only for acetoacetone -
strips DO NOT detect beta-hydroxybutyrate
- add several drops of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to the
urine in a cup, then test
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Blood Glucose
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At HOME!
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Why Test At Home?
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Less STRESS
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Stress

• HYPERGLYCEMIA

• Altered eating patterns

• potentially INACCURATE RESULTS

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Testing at home most closely duplicates the
normal daily routine of the patient.
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Instant information 24 hours a day
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Collect all the supplies before you begin

• glucometer
• test strips
• lancet
• lancet device
• cotton or gauze
• warming cloth
• treats

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Place the cat in a comfortable spot
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Marginal Ear Vein

• Work in a area with
• good lighting
• Use a flashlight or a desk lamp
• to identify the vein if necessary

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Warm the ear!
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Warm the ear - heat a damp washcloth in the
microwave for 15 seconds - put the warm cloth in
plastic bag
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Load the lancet device (if using)
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Insert test strip
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- glucometer displays strip code, date time
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Apply firm pressure to the back of the ear (use
gauze or tissue if desired)
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Position the point of the lancet between the
ear vein the edge of the ear
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Prick the ear
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You may also use the back of the ear
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Milk the ear to produce adequate drop if
necessary
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Hold the ear steady
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Touch the test strip to the blood drop
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Let the strip suck up the sample
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Ensure the strip is full

• empty

• inadequate sample

• correct sample size

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Proper filling of Fast Take strip
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Apply pressure to the blood collection site
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Fast Take

• Touch blood drop
• to the pad of the stick
• May also use
• a micropipette

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Wait for the results
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PRAISE!
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Judge an animals response to therapy by
clinical signs
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Glucometers
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Bayer Elite Elite XL

• small sample size
• capillary action
• 3 minutes to get
• sample
• range 20-600 mg/dL
• may not indicate if
• sample is insufficient
• a beep does not mean
• there is enough blood

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Lifescan Fast Take

• small sample size (2.5 uL)
• range 20-600 mg/dL
• 2 minutes to get sample
• no capillary action
• reading takes 15 seconds
• may get an unusually low
• number if insufficient sample

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micropipette
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Accu-Chek Advantage

• 4 uL sample
• capillary action strips
• additional blood
• may be added within 15 seconds
• range 10-600 mg/dL

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Surestep

• blood is put on the strip then inserted
• in the machine
• you can see whether the sample is adequate
• you can visually check the results
• by the colour change, if desired
• larger sample size required (10-30 uL)
• range 0-500 mg/dL

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Abbott Precision QID

• 3.5 uL sample volume
• range 20-600 mg/dL
• can add more blood to strip
• if the first drop is not enough
• touch blood to strip

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Lancets
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Microlet

• comes with Elite
• 3-dot depth is best

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Softclix

• adjustable depth
• difficult to cap lancet after use

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Websites of Interest
www.felinediabetes.com www.sugarcats.com www.pet
diabetes.com
http//members.atlantic.net/bobj/earprick.html
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Tidbits
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When increasing the insulin dose ...
Go SLOW!
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Can different insulins be mixed?
Yes, but not all.
Check the compatibility with the manufacturer
first.
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How do you convert Canadian (SI) units to US
units?
Canadian units (mmol/L) x 18 U.S. units (mg/dL)
X 18
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How do the readings differ if the sample is
capillary blood or venous blood?
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Venous blood reads 7-15 higher than capillary
blood
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Accuracy of Glucometers

• amount of error increases with blood glucose
  level

• For the Elite
• BG Error
• 600 mg/dL -38
• 400 mg/dL -20
• 200 mg/dL -7
• 100 mg/dL -2

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Insulins
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