Mao Zedong and Communism in China

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Mao Zedong and Communism in China
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WWII

• A large portion of WWII was fought in Asia.
• Many Asian countries had to be rebuilt after the
  war.
• Many countries experienced a change in government
  after WWII.

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Leaders of China

• Mao Zedong-
• Leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
• Chiang Kai-shek-
• Leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party
  (Kuomintang/ KMT)

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Mao Zedong and China
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Mao Zedong (Before WWII)

• Mao Zedong came from a peasant background.
• In 1918 he began working at the Beijing
  University library, where he studied Marxist
  ideas.
• Marxism is a political philosophy that focuses on
  class struggle.
• The ultimate goal is to have a classless society.
• The basic ideas for communism came from Marxism.

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Mao Zedong and the CCP

• In1921, Mao joined the Chinese Communist Party.
• The CCP was formed because many young Chinese
  were unhappy with the Kuomintang, or the
  Nationalist Party, which headed the government.
• The KMT could not control the robbers and thieves
  who roamed the countryside.
• Also, the KMT could not improve agriculture as
  many Chinese faced famine.

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CCP KMT

• Chinese Communist Party
• Kuomintang/ KMT
• (Nationalists)

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Mao Zedong and Civil War in China

• The formation of the CCP was inspired by the
  recent communist revolution in Russia.
• For a few years the two parties tried to work
  together.
• But in 1929, the KMT (Nationalist Party), led by
  Chiang Kai-shek, attempted to wipe out the
  Communists.

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Mao Zedong and Civil War in China

• A civil war began between Mao and his communist
  followers and the Nationalist government.

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The Long March

• In 1933, Maos 100,000 troop Red Army faced
  defeat by the 700,000 troop Nationalist Army.
• The Red Army retreated towards the mountains,
  beginning its dangerous journey called The Long
  March.
• The troops marched 6000 miles to avoid capture.

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The Long March

• After about a year, Mao and his 6,000-7,000
  survivors settled in caves in northern China.
• Chinese Communists today look at the Long March
  as a symbol of Maos dedication to his cause and
  to the Chinese people.

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The Long March
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China and WWII

• In 1937, Japan invaded China.
• The Japanese set up a puppet state- a Chinese
  leader would be the head of the government, but
  the Japanese government would make all the
  decisions.

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CCP KMT

• This invasion brought the KMT and CCP together
  (Lucknow Pact!!).
• The two parties put aside their differences and
  worked together against Japan.

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Japanese Occupied Lands During WWII
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China after WWII

• The Japanese surrendered on
• September 2, 1945, but peace did not come to
  China.
• The KMT and CCP began fighting for control again
  in a civil war- CCP won
• October 1, 1949- Mao Zedong, the leader of the
  Chinese Communist Party, established the Peoples
  Republic of China.

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The Great Leap Forward

• Mao tried to reorganize all of China along
  communist lines
• Factories and farms would be owned collectively.
• Private ownership was eliminated.

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The Great Leap Forward

• Production Quotas were set for agriculture and
  industry.
• Society would be classless--everyone would be
  treated exactly the same and no one had more than
  anyone else.
• In 1958, Mao instituted the Great Leap Forward.

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The Great Leap Forward

• This was a series of policies that Mao thought
  would help China make positive changes, becoming
  equal to the leading powers of the West.
• Mao believed the power of the peasants would make
  this work.

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Great Leap Forward Propaganda
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Great Leap Forward Propaganda
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The Great Leap Forward

• He decided to organize all farms into large
  collectives, where all ownership and
  decision-making would be in the hands of the
  government.
• Because they didnt own anything themselves, they
  had little reason to work very hard.

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The Great Leap Forward

• Several crop failures followed.
• Sometimes peasants even lied about the amount of
  grain that had been produced rather than admit
  they hadnt made their quota.
• A massive famine resulted.
• Millions of people died throughout China.
• The Great Leap Forward was abandoned in 1960.

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How Mao thought China would look after the Great
Leap Forward
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What China actually looked like for millions of
people during the Great Leap Forward
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The Cultural Revolution

• After the Great Leap Forward failed, farmers and
  factory workers tried to create some private
  ownership again.
• Mao saw his classless society ideal failing.
• Realizing that there was still a large gap
  between the educated elite in the cities and the
  peasants in the country, Maos response was to
  begin The Cultural Revolution in 1966.

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The Cultural Revolution

• The Cultural Revolution was Maos attempt to rid
  China of anything that encouraged class
  differences.
• The Cultural Revolution attacked education,
  religion, private ownership, and anything from
  the west.
• Mao permitted the destruction of books, artwork,
  religious temples, and anything that was
  connected to Chinas past or foreign ideas.
• Mao urged students to leave school and help
  clean up China.

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The Cultural Revolution

• Many of these students were organized into a
  military group called the Red Guards.
• It was their job to find and remove anyone who
  was preventing China from becoming a classless
  society.

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The Cultural Revolution

• Schools and universities were closed.
• Mao discouraged old Chinese cultural ideas.

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The Cultural Revolution

• Teachers, artists, and writers were sent to the
  countryside to do hard labor.
• The Cultural Revolution was a time of great chaos
  in China.

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The Cultural Revolution

• Many innocent people were killed or committed
  suicide during it.
• It lasted 10 years and only ended when Mao died
  in 1976.

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Buddhist statues and ritual objects in the
Jokhang Temple destroyed by the Red Guards.
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• Underneath a
• portrait of Mao
• Zedong,  the banner
• reads "Completely
• destroy the old world! 
• We shall be the
• master of the new
• world."

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China After Mao Zedong

• After Maos death, Deng Xiaoping was named
  Chinas new leader.
• Deng had been with Mao since the Long March, but
  his ideas about communism in China were more
  moderate.
• He allowed farmers to own some of their own land.
• He allowed some private business.

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China After Mao Zedong

• Deng opened China to foreign investment and
  technological advancements.
• Deng realized, unfortunately, that foreign trade
  opened up China to western influence.
• Western ideas new to China led to a series of
  student protests in 1989.

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Tiananmen Square

• The biggest of these protests was led by 10,000
  students in Beijings Tiananmen Square.
• The students were protesting corruption in the
  Chinese government.
• They called for a move towards democracy.
• The students raised a statue called Goddess of
  Democracy, modeled after the Statue of Liberty.

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Goddess of Democracy
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Tiananmen Square

• June 4, 1989- The Chinese government ordered
  soldiers to break up the demonstration in
  Tiananmen Square.
• They opened fire on the students, destroyed the
  Goddess of Democracy statue, and arrested
  thousands of people.
• The brief pro-democracy movement in China was
  ended.

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Summarize

• 1 Paragraph each describing each of the
  following
• Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek
• The Long March
• The Great Leap Forward
• The Cultural Revolution
• Tiananmen Square