Please Do eat the candy or drink the tea!

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Please Do eat the candy or
drink the tea!
NOT

• Wait for the instructions.

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Biological PsychologyMechanisms

• James Kalat
• N. C. State University

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1. Taste Receptorssweet, sour, salty, bitter,
umami

• Tea made from leaves of gymnema sylvestre block
  sweet tastes. (Also block intestinal absorption
  of carbohydrates.)

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2. Neurons and the Action Potential

• No loss of intensity as action potential travels
• Can be relatively slow.
• Demonstration of action potential speed

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Velocity of Action Potential Mean distance
from ankle to shoulder/mean difference in
response latency About 1.5 meters/ ______
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Correct reference

• Rozin, P., Jonides, J. (1977). Teaching of
  Psychology, 4, 91-94.

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Vision

• How far can an ant see?

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3. Color Vision

• Young-Helmholtz theory (trichromatic theory)

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Color Vision

• Opponent-process theory

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Rods and cones

• Cones in fovea (center) rods more common toward
  periphery
• Cones for color rods for b/w
• Therefore Colorblind in periphery. Demonstration

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Opponent process theory of color visionWe
perceive by three pairs of opposites

• Red versus green
• Yellow versus blue
• White versus black
• Evidence Negative afterimages

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Retinex theory of color vision

• We perceive color and brightness by contrasting
  each image with the rest of the scene.
• Combine retina and cortex.
• Produces color constancy Same color despite
  changes in lighting.

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4. Motion Blindness

• What would it be like to have that experience?

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Is the continuous stream of consciousness
really continuous?Temporary blindness implies
temporary gaps in consciousness
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5. Developmental Changes
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Visual-motor control
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Max, age 4
Ann, age 7
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Changes in Decision-makingAdolescents slower
than adults to classify something as bad idea.
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Changes in Decision-Making

• Adolescents slower than adults to classify
  something as a bad idea.

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Changes in AnxietyAllopregnanolone steroid
released by stress.
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Allopregnanolone decreases anxiety through one
kind of GABA receptor, increases it through
another kind. The second kind is rare in children
and adults, but abundant in adolescents.
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6. Facilitation of the Startle Reflex
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Location of the Amygdala
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