Villagers Hawa Coulibaly, Bourama Coulibaly

1
MAIN OBJECTIVES Our main objective
was to assess economic / sociological impacts the
Handicraft Enterprise System (established by our
collaboration in 2007) has had on Sanambele. We
additionally aimed to facilitate a more efficient
system to further improve profit stream for women
of Sanambele that may lead to more medicines,
bednets for malaria management. This addresses
the holistic goal of Sanambeleans to implement
integrated malaria management to alleviate
childhood malaria and other diseases/conditions
leading to the local childhood mortality.

• MATERIALS AND METHODS
• A focus group survey instrument was developed to
  assess economic/social impact of handicraft
  enterprise on village. Seventeen Womens
  Association members participated in survey.
• New product ideas that would serve as marketable
  products in the United States for American
  consumers were suggested to the women including
  jewelry.
• Business catalogue, a way to keep records of
  income being brought in and accessibility of
  money orders were suggested to women. US version
  of catalogue will include brief history of
  Sanambele Handicraft Enterprise.
• Microfinance loans were discussed but innovative
  villagers had already implemented them with
  profits from handicrafts and had also purchased
  cellular phones to bridge previous communication
  barriers.
• To assess if a mosquito population in dry-season
  river pool, a sample dipper that would be useful
  in sampling the water for mosquito larvae was
  created from local materials by Hawa Coulibaly.
• Mosquito larvae collected will be brought to
  University of Bamako School of Medicine for
  Anopheles determination. B.t.i. malaria
  management techniques were demonstrated for
  villagers in a sustainable manner. B.t.i. prevent
  the development of mosquito larvae which could
  possibly develop into malaria vectors.

Wendy L. Nickisch, Florence V. Dunkel, Ada
Giusti, Keriba Coulibaly, Hawa Coulibaly
Department of Plant Sciences and Plant
Pathology,, Department of Modern Languages,
Montana State University LInstitut dEconomie
Rurale-Sikasso, Village of Sanambele, Mali

• INTRODUCTION
• The village market did not result from the
  initiative of
• civil servants in the government or of business
  people. The market is the vision of our village
  leader who made it
• possible for the village inhabitants to earn a
  living by
• working in the village itself on the
  development of
• handicraft networking (Wherry, 2006).
• Despite millions of free bednets/medicine packets
  plus billions of dollars invested in research to
  eliminate malaria, including 30 years of vaccine
  research, malaria incidence is not decreasing in
  sub-Saharan Africa.
• In the Malian village of Sanambele (population
  1,000), participatory assessment of community
  concerns was undertaken in 3 focus groups (Kante
  et al. 2005). Villagers voted malaria number one
  village problem.
• In 2006, villagers indicated local malaria
  management was dependent on village cash
  reserves.
• Ready cash income system from sale of Womens
  Association handicrafts in US was suggested by
  Dunkel (2007) and established by professors
  Dunkel and Giusti, and two MSU externs to aid in
  malaria management (Giusti 2008).
• Further development of handicraft enterprise is
  necessary for sustainable malaria IPM and the
  development of self-reliance in Sanambele.

• RESULTS
• Women are now part of village team using
  Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to attempt to
  control malaria.
• Village team and MSU team continued working
  together in malaria IPM. Standing water was found
  in effluent in 3 family bathing areas. Run-off
  water from bathing area forms puddles that could
  be mosquito larval habitat.
• A local river was found to be main mosquito
  larvae habitat in Sanambele.
• Granular B.t.i. treatment techniques were taught
  to village IPM team and a monitoring and
  treatment plan developed by Sanambeleans. A
  sustainable, village-produced replacement for
  B.t.i. (neem leaf slurry) was introduced to
  villagers. This is a material villagers already
  use for vegetable crops.
• Since project start (2007), two Sanambele women
  leaders increased the Handicraft Enterprise to
  23 women. Women collaborated in filling orders,
  developing new products, and a record keeping
  system.

Introduction of Catalogue to SanambeleWomens
Association
Seven Sanambele of the Womens Association Members
With your help, handicrafts have brought in even
more income than agricultural products.
Sanambele Womens Association Member
Kofo (order form) Togo (first name)
________ Jamu (last name)_________ Suguya
(order )________ Hake (how many)________ Jesugu
ya (color) _________ Bonahake
(total amount) _______________________
CONCLUSIONS 1) Impact Assessment led to
discovery of innovativeness and the spread of the
entrepreneurial spirit in the Womens Association
and other parts of the Sanambele community. 2)
Organization of the Handicraft Enterprise System
was improved by introduction of Ordering
Catalogue, an order form system, identifying
money orders as efficient form of payment. 3)
Communication barriers were bridged by men and
women farmers purchasing cellular phones. 4)
Work continues with steady progress towards
economic development for women farmers in
Sanambele to aid in sustainable, village-based
malaria management while respecting traditional
based knowledge of villagers. 5) With minor
improvements in the development of existing
skills, that do not change the daily routine, of
village like, coming generations will have access
to more cash reserves and better formal
education.
Increasing awareness throughout the United
States by the marketing of handicrafts will
enable the empowerment of women by providing the
necessary awareness in order to create the
desired eradication of malaria in rural African
countries. --Tamboura, 2008
HYPOTHESIS Acknowledged weak links in current
Sanambele Handicraft Enterprise System will be
overcome by 1) creation of a catalogue 2)
written order forms in Bambara 3) using new
phone communication to place orders leading to
desirable malaria management and the eventual
eradication of malaria by the villagers, for the
villagers.

• Villagers (Hawa Coulibaly, Bourama Coulibaly)
• with Wendy Nickisch and Keriba Coulibaly,
• IER-Sikasso scientist, monitor mosquito larvae
  prior to
• treating dry-season river pool with biocontrol
  bacterium,
• Bacillus thuriengensis israeliensis (B.t.i.)

• LITERATURE CITED
• Dunkel, Florence. 2009. Phone Interview. 45
  minutes. 8 Jan 2009.
• Giusti, Ada. 2008 a. New Paradigm for
  Discovery-Based Learning Implement bottom-up
  development of listening to farmers needs while
  engaging them in participatory, holistic
  thinking. Visit Report. lthtt p//www.montana.edu
  /mali/docs/giustiadamalitripreportmar 2008.docgt
• Giusti, Ada. 2008 b. Personal Interview. 45
  minutes in Reid Hall.
• Tamboura, Belco. Group Interview. 2 hours at
  Marsh Laboratory. 3 Dec. 2008.
• Tiwari, Meera. 2008. Poverty and Wellbeing at
  the Grassroots-How much is Visible to
  Researchers? Springer Science Business Media
  9, 127-140.
• Wherry, Frederick. 2006. The Social Sources of
  Authenticity in Global Handicraft Markets.
  Journal of Consumer Culture 6,1-32. Sage
  Publications
• Yunus, Muhammad with Karl Weber. 2007.
  Creating a World Without Poverty Social
  Business and the Future Of Capitalism. New York.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deep appreciation to the
diligent and persistent Dr. Florence Dunkel, Ph.
D, my friend and mentor. I would like to
whole-heartedly thank her for initiating this
project and introducing me to the following
colleagues of her in order for us to continue to
establish sustainability in Sanambele. I would
like to thank Dr. Ada Giusti, the MSU French
professor who continues to work with the Womens
Association to facilitate an income for the
villagers. A special thanks to Keriba Coulibaly,
who served as our patient translator while in
Sanambele. I would also like to acknowledge Sidy
Ba, professor from the Institute of Agriculture
and Applied Rural Research of the University of
Bamako in Mali, West Africa, and Belco Tamboura,
Professor of Economics and Small Enterprise
IPR/IFRA in Mali for their immense support and
ideals for Africa. I would like to acknowledge
and thank the programs source of funding USDA
CSREES Higher Education Grant, 4W01809. New
Paradigm for Discovery Based Learning
Implementing Bottom-up Development by Listening
to Farmers Needs and Using Participatory
Processes with Holistic Thinking, Montana State
University lead institution, Dr. F. Dunkel, P.I.
or USDA CREES Secondary-Postsecondary Education
Challenge Grant Program Discovery-Based Secondary
School Opportunities Facilitating Global
Student-to-Student and Teacher-to-Scientist
Teaching/Learning, Dr. Walter Woolbaugh, P.I.,
and Manhattan Public Schools. Finally, I would
like to thank the inspiration behind this
project, the Sanambele Womens Association and
hope we can continue to facilitate a more
efficient means of income for their village.
2
ABSTRACT Our projects main objective is to help
in the facilitation of the establishment of a
more efficient handicraft enterprise system in
order to establish a cash flow in Sanambele. The
ideal behind this project is based on increasing
resources within Sanambele to assist in the
integrated malaria management at a local level.
The purpose of this trip is to assess the impact
the current handicraft enterprise system has had
on the rural African village, Sanambele and to
observe and assist in the integrated malaria
management process. This year, three main
weaknesses were discussed as possible weak links
that are accountable for the lack of efficiency
in the current Handicraft Enterprise system by
the Womens Association, the Center, and United
States students and professors. These three
issues that we think could be possible weak links
include the ordering system, the transfer of
funds to the village, and the delivery of the
handicrafts to the United States. These weak
links were determined as possible problems due to
lack of communication during shipment of the
handicrafts, transfer of funds to the women, and
lack of accessibility to obtain the handicrafts
from the Womens Association within the past
year. We tested the hypothesis that through
development of weak links in the current
Sanambele Handicraft Enterprise System,
sustainable local malaria management/eradication
can be implemented by the villagers. Objectives
will be obtained by 1) clarifying the role of the
Agribusiness Entrepreneurial Incubator Center in
facilitating and participating in the revenue
flow with the Womens Association in Sanambele,
Mali, 2) leading the facilitation of the
development of a handicraft catalog to increase
ordering efficiency, and 3) researching the
technology enhancements and the impact
microfinance loans could have on the enterprise.
After the impact assessment of how the current
Handicraft Enterprise System has impacted malaria
management in Sanambele, an assessment of
possible mosquito larvae habitats was made while
in Sanambele. Observations were made by walking
around the village and observing possible areas
where puddles of water could form and identifying
the location of any local streams or rivers near
Sanambele. Standing water was prevalent in areas
where the villagers bathe. The run-off water
from the bathing area forms puddles that could
serve as possible mosquito breeding grounds.
Photos were taken of the locations of these
possible mosquito breeding grounds. A local
river was predicted to be the main mosquito
larvae habitat. To assess if a mosquito
population was prevalent in the river a sample
dipper that would be useful in sampling the water
for mosquito larvae was created. The makeshift
dipper was dipped into the water to obtain a
sample of water to be filtered into another
bucket to check if any mosquito larvae were
populating the river water. The larvae collected
will be sent to the Mali School of Medicine for
analysis of whether the larvae are Anopheles
mosquitoes or not. The mosquito larvae were
collected using sustainable resources, therefore
allowing the villagers to sample the water
without outside resources.

• LITERATURE CITED
• Dunkel, Florence. 2009. Phone Interview. 45
  minutes. 8 Jan 2009.
• Giusti, Ada. 2008 a. New Paradigm for
  Discovery-Based Learning Implement bottom-up
  development of listening to farmers needs while
  engaging them in participatory, holistic
  thinking. Visit Report. lthtt p//www.montana.edu
  /mali/docs/giustiadamalitripreportmar 2008.docgt
• Giusti, Ada. 2008 b. Personal Interview. 45
  minutes in Reid Hall.
• Tamboura, Belco. Group Interview. 2 hours at
  Marsh Laboratory. 3 Dec. 2008.
• Tiwari, Meera. 2008. Poverty and Wellbeing at
  the Grassroots-How much is Visible to
  Researchers? Springer Science Business Media
  9, 127-140.
• Wherry, Frederick. 2006. The Social Sources of
  Authenticity in Global Handicraft Markets.
  Journal of Consumer Culture 6,1-32. Sage
  Publications
• Yunus, Muhammad with Karl Weber. 2007.
  Creating a World Without Poverty Social
  Business and the Future Of Capitalism. New York.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My deep appreciation to the
diligent and persistent Dr. Florence Dunkel, Ph.
D, my friend and mentor. I would like to
whole-heartedly thank her for initiating this
project and introducing me to the following
colleagues of her in order for us to continue to
establish sustainability in Sanambele. I would
like to thank Dr. Ada Giusti, the MSU French
professor who continues to work with the Womens
Association to facilitate an income for the
villagers. A special thanks to Keriba Coulibaly,
who served as our patient translator while in
Sanambele. I would also like to acknowledge Sidy
Ba, professor from the Institute of Agriculture
and Applied Rural Research of the University of
Bamako in Mali, West Africa, and Belco Tamboura,
Professor of Economics and Small Enterprise
IPR/IFRA in Mali for their immense support and
ideals for Africa. I would like to acknowledge
and thank the programs source of funding USDA
CSREES Higher Education Grant, 4W01809. New
Paradigm for Discovery Based Learning
Implementing Bottom-up Development by Listening
to Farmers Needs and Using Participatory
Processes with Holistic Thinking, Montana State
University lead institution, Dr. F. Dunkel, P.I.
or USDA CREES Secondary-Postsecondary Education
Challenge Grant Program Discovery-Based Secondary
School Opportunities Facilitating Global
Student-to-Student and Teacher-to-Scientist
Teaching/Learning, Dr. Walter Woolbaugh, P.I.,
and Manhattan Public Schools. Finally, I would
like to thank the inspiration behind this
project, the Sanambele Womens Association and
hope we can continue to facilitate a more
efficient means of income for their village.