Reading Strategies

1
Reading Strategies

• World Civilizations
• Mr. Donohoe

2
What is a strategy?

• Cognitive tool readers use to make sense of what
  they read
• Used before, during and after reading
• Dependant upon individual person, task, goal or
  purpose

3
Possible Strategies

• Prior knowledge
• Prediction
• Visualization
• Self-Question
• Paraphrase
• Summarizing
• Previous Text

• Subsequent Text
• Decoding and Key Vocabulary
• Text structure awareness
• Inferencing
• Self-monitoring

4
Prior knowledge strategy

• Recognizing and using existing knowledge to help
  understand and interpret new information while
  reading
• Assimilation and accommodation
• Presented text triggers existing schemata
• What is schemata?

5
Prediction Strategy

• Active anticipation of information in passage or
  text
• Thinking ahead as to what may occur
• Involves appropriate risk taking as a reader
• Critical to validate predictions with text
  information
• Accept accurate predictions
• Reject inaccurate predictions

6
Visualization Strategy

• Concurrent process of forming mental images of
  the text read or heard
• Internal process
• Occurs during reading
• Not drawing pictures after the reading
• Use with narrative as well as expository text

7
Self Questioning Strategy

• Questioning of self about content read
• Done while reading
• Focuses attention on important details
• Start with basic 6 Ws
• Who?
• What?
• When?
• Where?
• Why?
• How?

8
Paraphrasing Strategy

• Reader restates the text, passage, or work in own
  words or form
• Encourages reader to internalize what is learned
  by putting it in own words
• Learner presents what is understood in another
  form---their own form
• Linguistic
• Artistic
• graphic

9
Summarizing Strategy(not the strongest strategy
for high school

• Reader succinctly reduces the text just read
• Pulls together critical points
• Encourage readers to do this at specific points
• Introduction
• Development
• Conclusions
• Subdivisions of chapters

10
Previous Text Strategy

• Rereading of text when comprehension is lost
• Reread with different purpose in mind
• Re-frame purpose to assist in clarifying the
  earlier lack of comprehension

11
Subsequent Text Strategy

• Continue to read on when faced with minor
  confusion
• Look for clues to help with comprehension
• Look ahead for
• Explanation
• Description
• Definition
• Example
• Dont go too far ahead!

12
Inference Strategy

• Marriage between reader and text
• On-going strategy
• As new clues become available as one reads, new
  inferences are formed, confirmed, revised or
  rejected
• Must be able to release inferences that do not
  pan out with text information

13
Self-Monitoring Strategy

• Sophisticated self-questioning to address varying
  levels of overall comprehension
• How well do I understand this?
• Does this material help me reach a goal?
• Am I able to meet my learning purposes with this
  material?
• Do I have a solid grasp of this? Do I need more
  information?

14
Text Structure Awareness Strategy

• Knowing how the text is put together
• How authors use the structure to frame or
  organize narrative and expository text

15
Text Structure Awareness Strategy continued

• Narrative
• May be called story grammar, story elements, plot
  development, story line
• Basic components
• Introduction (setting, characters, presenting
  problem)
• Development/story evolves
• Climax
• resolution

• Expository
• Compare/contrast
• Cause/effect
• Sequence of events
• Problem/solution
• Description
• Explanation

16
References

• Bednar, Mary Anne. La Salle University Education
  Department.