The Respiratory System

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The Respiratory System
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Purpose of the respiratory system

• To provide a constant supply of oxygen to keep
  your body cells functioning
• To remove carbon dioxide from the body cells

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Organs of the respiratory system

• Trachea
• Bronchus (bronchi)
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Pleura
• Diaphragm

• Nose / mouth
• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• Epiglottis
• Larynx
• Trachea

Lungs
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Mouth Nose

• Brings air into the body
• Nasal hairs in nostrils trap dust

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Nasal cavity

• Warms moistens air
• Glands that produce sticky mucus line the nasal
  cavity
• traps dust, pollen, and other materials that were
  not trapped by nasal hairs
• cilia sweep mucus and trapped material to the
  back of the throat where it can be swallowed

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Pharynx

• Tube-like passageway used by food, liquid, and
  air
• At the lower end of the pharynx is a flap of
  tissue called the epiglottis
• covers the trachea during swallowing so that food
  does not enter the lungs

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Larynx

• Voice box
• The airway to which two pairs of horizontal folds
  of tissue, called vocal cords, are attached

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Trachea

• Air-conducting tube
• Connects the larynx with the bronchi
• Lined with mucous membranes and cilia
• Contains strong cartilage rings

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Bronchi

• Two short tubes that branch off the lower end of
  the trachea
• Carry air into the lungs.
• Singular - bronchus

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Bronchioles

• Tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs
• Connect bronchi to alveoli

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Alveoli

• Tiny, thin-walled, grapelike clusters at the end
  of each bronchiole
• Surrounded by capillaries
• Where carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange take
  place
• Singular - alveolus

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Diffusion
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Pleura

• Membrane lining the lungs and chest cavity

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Diaphragm

• Muscle wall between the chest and the abdomen
  that the body uses for breathing

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Relationship to digestive system

• Cellular respiration requires glucose and oxygen
  to release energy to the body
• C6H12O6    6O2  ?  6CO2    6 H2O    Energy
• Oxygen is provided by the respiratory system
• Glucose is provided by the digestive system
• (glucose is made during photosynthesis)

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