Nanotechnology: Applications and Implications for the Environment

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Nanotechnology Applications and Implications for
the Environment
Welcome
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Upcoming EBC Meetings
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Change Issues and OpportunitiesNov 6 - Env.
Industry Forecast w/ Paul Zofnass Nov 15 - EPA
VOC Control/Stack Testing Workshop in
Waterbury Nov 30 - Reception An Evening with
Commissioner Gina McCarthy Dec 6 Winter
Garden Party in Boston
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EBC Mission Statement

• The mission of the Environmental Business
  Council of New England, Inc. (EBC) is to advance
  and promote the environmental and energy services
  and technology businesses in New England.
• Provides programs on current legislative,
  regulatory, and technology developments
  that shape the future of the environmental/energy
  industry
• Provides direct access to regulators and industry
  leaders to discuss developing issues
• Offers networking and business development
  opportunities for its members
• Supports and promotes sustainable environmental
  policies and practices for business and
  government
• Fosters the development of future generations of
  the industry through academic partnerships and
  mentoring and training opportunities
• Provides access to market research

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Nanotechnology Applications and Implications for
the Environment
Brenda Barry Senior Toxicologist The Cadmus Group
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Nanotechnology Applications and Implications for
the Environment
Robert H. Hurt Professor of Fluid Thermal and
Chemical Processes Dept. of Engineering, Brown
University
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A Materials Science Perspective on Developing
Nanomaterials for Commercial and Environmental
Applications
Brown University, Providence RI
Robert H. Hurt, Ph.D. Agnes B. Kane, M.D.,
Ph.D. Indrek Kulaots, Ph.D. Charles A. Vaslet,
Ph.D. Lin Guo Bonnie Lau Kengquing
Jian Margaret Tsien Xinyuan Liu Norma
Messier Daniel Morris Nathan Miselis Love
Sarin Jodie Pietruska Bevan Weissman Samuel
Posner Aihui Yan Vanesa Sanchez
We acknowledge support from the following grants
US EPA (STAR Grant RD83171901) NSF
(DMI-050661) NIEHS (R01 ES03721, P42 ES013660,
T32 ES07272, F30 ES013639)
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The Nanotechnology Movement
about 1/1000 width of human hair
Definition the systematic manipulation of matter
on the length scale 1-100 nm to produce useful
new engineered structures, materials, or devices.
History - R. Feynman, 1959, Theres
plenty of room at the bottom - Kroto, Smalley,
Curl, 1985, synthesis of Fullerene, C60 - Sumio
Iijima, 1991, carbon nanotube synthesis
Nanotechnology today - 1600 companies, 700
industrial products - world-wide investment of
4.8 billion / yr The U.S. National
Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) - first passed
in 2001 - now 1 billion / yr - optimistic
status report May 2005 - four phases envisioned
(now in phase 1)
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Nanotechnology is the development of.
Nanoparticles - buckminster fullerene -
metallic nanoparticles (gold, silver, iron) -
glass/ceramic nanoparticles (titania, silica) -
quantum dots (semiconductor nanoparticles) Nanotu
bes, nanofibers - carbon nanotubes -
nanofibers (carbon, polymer, ceramic) -
nanowires (metallic, semiconducting) Nanoplatelet
s Nanoplatelet graphite, clay, silica,
hydroxyapatite Nanostructured surfaces Nanostruc
tured solids
and their application as components for
next-generation technologies, including batterie
s, fuel cells, sunscreens, cosmetics, structural
materials, implants, drug delivery vehicles,
catalysts, sorbents, and much, much more.
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Medieval Nanotechnology
noble metal nanoparticles for wavelength-tunable
pigmentation based on confined plasmon resonance
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The Nanomaterial Matrix (some well-known
examples)
Equi-axed forms (particles)
Fibrous forms (1D materials)
Lamellar forms (2D materials)
Au nanoparticles Fe magnetic nanoparticles nanopar
t. catalysts (Pt,Zn,Cu,Ni,Co)
metals
nanowires
semiconducting nanowires, nanorods
semiconductors
quantum dots
electrospun ceramic nanofibers for composite
fillers
nanophase powders for low-T sinterable coatings,
parts, composite fillers, sorbents
ceramics
nano-clays
carbon nanotubes, nanofibers
carbons
fullerenes, carbon black, nanohorns
nano-graphite
electrospun polymer nanofibers
biodegradable polymer nanobeads for medical
applications
polymers
oligomers (e.g. chitosan) branched compounds
(dendrimers) surfactant assemblies (liposomes)
other
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A Gallery of Carbon Nanoforms
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A Gallery of Carbon Nanoforms
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Shells
A Gallery of Carbon Nanoforms
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Some Nanomaterials are Expensive to Synthesize
Arc evaporation
Laser vaporization
from Ando, Zhao, Sugai, Kumar, Materials Today
2004
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Catalytic methods now dominant for nanotube
synthesis
hydrocarbon decomposition
from Rodriguez et al. 1995
diffusion
graphene layer precipitation
Multiwall carbon nanotubes
Herringbone carbon nanofibers
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A Diversity of Applications
Conductive Plastics
Tough Composite Materials
Percolation threshold
crack bridging
Rich et al. ,SAE. Paper 2002-01-1037
fiber pullout
Xia et al. Acta Materialia, 2004
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Applications Electrodes Endo et al., Carbon
2001
Floating catalyst method
Li battery performance
Composite electrode
increasing nanotube content
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Nanomedicine polymer/gold nanoparticles for drug
delivery
-- Nanomedicine Research of Prof. Edith
Mathiowitz --
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Nanostructured Surfaces for Biomedical
Implants Research of Prof. Tom Webster

• Compared to currently implanted
• materials, results from Prof. Websters
• lab shows increased regeneration of
• orthopedic,
• dental,
• vascular,
• bladder,
• cartilage, and
• nervous system
• tissue on nanophase materials.

microns
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1.3
4
0
microns
2
6
0
4
0
2
microns
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Conventional Grain Size
microns
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1.3
4
0
microns
2
6
4
0
2
microns
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Nanophase Grain Size
T. J. Webster, in Advances in Chemical
Engineering Vol. 27, Academic Press, NY, pgs.
125-166, 2001.
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Magnetic nanoparticle-dye composite for cancer
diagnostics and treatment
60nm

• Magnetic nanoparticle synthesis and surface
  modification
• Magnetic hyperthermia

Biological targeting molecule
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Biocompatible, hydrophilic, supramolecular
carbon nanoparticles for cell delivery
(Hurt/Kane)
ultrasonic nebulization of lyotropic liquid
crystal solution
drying
carbonization
annealing
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Cell Uptake and Cytotoxicity of
Supramolecular Carbon Nanoparticles
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Carbon Nanospheres as Biomolecular Carriers
Carbon platform modifications
Fe/Co doped for magnetic steering
acid wash
surface adsorption
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Doped Supramolecular Carbon Nanoparticles for
Cancer Therapy
300 nm
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