Endocrine System, Nervous System and Homeostatic Control

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Endocrine System, Nervous System and Homeostatic
Control

• Review for Unit Test 1

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Endocrine system

• Information signaling system
• Glands produce hormones
• Circulate through blood vessels
• Regulate
• mood, growth and development, tissue function,
  and metabolism

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Hypothalamus

• The hypothalamus controls body temperature,
  hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and circadian
  cycles.
• Secretes hormones that tell other glands to
  create their hormones
• GHRH

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Pineal Body

• Secretes Melatonin
• Melatonin may help regulate sleep patterns

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Pituitary Gland

• Growth
• Blood Pressure
• Sex Organ Functions
• Conversion of food into energy
• Water regulation

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Thyroid

• Controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes
  proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to
  other hormones.

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Parathyroid

• The sole function of the parathyroid glands is to
  maintain the body's calcium level within a very
  narrow range.

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Pancreas

• Regulates blood sugar by producing Insulin

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Adrenal gland

• Produces Adrenaline
• Fight or Flight Response
• Dilate pupils
• Increase heart rate
• Suppress non emergency process
• Boost oxygen and glucose supply

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Testes and Ovaries

• Both produce hormones to support body function
• Testes
• Testosterone
• Ovaries
• Progesterone
• Estrogens

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Nervous system

• Made up of two major parts
• Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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Neurons
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Central Nervous System

• Brain and Spinal Cord
• Nerves
• Ganglion

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Brain

• Consists of lobes, Each lobe having different
  functions.

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Function

• Process information
• Dictate reactions and behaviors

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Peripheral Nervous system

• Nerves from spinal cord to rest of body
• Create locomotion
• Etc

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Feedback Loops

• Your nervous system is involved in almost all
  homeostatic control loops.
• Reflex arc
• Sensory Vs Motor
• Affector Vs Effector

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Neuron Function

• Dendrites
• Myelin
• Schwann Cells
• Axon
• Node of Ranvier

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Threshold

• Before a neuron can send out a signal the stimuli
  has to pass the threshold

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Action Potential

• An action potential is a nerve impulse
• An electrical shock sent down the axon

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Action Potential
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Synapse

• A synapse occurs where ever the action potential
  meets the end of the axon
• It needs to propagate across that gap
• It does this through chemical messengers

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Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine Enzyme that
destroys it Acetylcholinesterase
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Synapse

• When Acetylcholine jumps across the gap, it tells
  the next neuron to fire its action potential and
  the process continues

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Homeostasis Summary

• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable
  internal state within an organism.
• Organisms must respond and maintain homeostasis
  in relation to many factors.
• Organisms detect changes in their environment and
  respond to these changes in a variety of ways.   
  
• These changes may occur at the cellular or
  organism level.