DIARRHEAL DISEASES

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DIARRHEAL DISEASES
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Defence mechanisms

• Gastric acidity
• GI peristalsis
• Normal flora
• Immune defences

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Pathogenesis of diarrhea

• Villous damage
• Enterotoxin
• Cytotoxin
• invasion

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Causes of gastroenteritis

• Viruses
• Bacteria
• parasites

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Rotvirus gastroenteritis

• Infants children
• Destuction of brush border
• Usualy mild to moderate diarrhea
• If severe dehydration,shock
• Diagnosis exclude other causes
• Treatment fluids PO/IV

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Salmonella gastoenteritis

• Cause salmonella enteritides
• Source GIT of animals
• Presentation abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
  ,diarrhea /- fever
• Diagnosis stool microscopy culture
• Treatment fluids PO/IV
• Antibiotics only for severe cases or
  impaired immunity
  
  

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Shigellosis

• Transmission contaminated food or drink
• Causes invasive colitis
• Presentation abdominal pain,diarrhea, fever
  dysentry
• Diagnosis stool microscopy culture
• Treatment fluids antibiotics

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Campylobacter gastroenteritis

• Source GIT of animals
• Causes invasive enterocolitis
• Transmission contaminated food or drink
• Presentationfever, malaise, abd.pain
  diarrhea blood
• Diagnosis stool microscopy culture
• Treatment fluids -- antibiotics

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E.Coli gastroenteritis

• Normal flora of GIT
• Pathogenic mechanisms gt enterotoxigenic gt
  enteropathogenic gt enteroinvasive
• Diagnosis by exclusion
• Treatment fluids

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Cholera

• Transmissioncontaminated food or drink
• Pathogenesis enterotoxin
• Presentation asymptomatic mild if severe
  dehydration shock
• Diagnosis stool culture
• Treatment fluids antibiotic

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Amebiasis

• Transmission by cysts
• Causes invasive colitis
• Presentation asymptomatic acute
  dysentry chronic amebiasis
• Complications liver abscess
• Diagnosis stool microscopy , serology
• Treatment metronidazole

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Giardiasis

• Transmission
• Colonise upper small intestine
• Presentation asymptomatic mild to
  moderate abd. pain , flatulence
• May become chronic
• Diagnosis stool microscopy
• Treatment metronidazole

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Food poisoning

• Vomiting within 6 hrs of eating
• Abd pain , diarrhea after 8 16 hrs
• Abd. Pain , diarrhea after 16 48 hrs
• Abd. Pain, diarrhea , fever 16- 48 hrs