Diagnostic Testing

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Diagnostic Testing
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Phases of Diagnostic Testing

• Pretest
• Intratest
• Post-test

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Associated Nursing Diagnoses

• Anxiety
• Fear
• Deficient knowledge

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Exams Involving Electrical Impulses

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Electromyelogram (EMG)

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Exams Involving Visual Inspection

• Bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy
• Gastroscopy and Esophagoscopy
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
• Cystoscopy
• Proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy

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Exams Involving Removal of Body Fluids and Tissues

• Lumbar puncture
• Abdominal paracentesis
• Thoracentisis
• Bone marrow biopsy
• Liver biopsy

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Roentgenographic Exams

• Scans (CT, MRI)
• UGI (barium swallow)
• Barium enema (lower GI)
• Gall Bladder series
• IVP, KUB
• Angiography
• Myelography
• Mammography
• Ultrasonography

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Blood Tests

• Blood count
• Serum Electrolytes
• Serum Osmolality
• Drug monitoring
• Arterial blood gases
• Blood chemistry
• Capillary blood glucose

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Specimen Collection

• Nurses often assume responsibility
• Some collections can be delegated to UAPs
• Body fluid collections
• Urine
• Blood
• Stool
• Sputum
• Wound drainage

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Nursing Responsibilities Associated with Specimen
Collection

• Provide client comfort, privacy and safety
• Explain purpose and procedure for collection
• Utilize correct collection procedure
• Note relevant information on requisition
• Transport specimen to laboratory promptly
• Report abnormal findings to health care provider

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Stool Specimens

• Occult blood
• Dietary products
• Digestive enzymes
• Ova and Parasites
• Bacteria or viruses

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Urine Specimens

• Clean voided
• Clean-catch (Midstream)
• Sterile specimens
• Straight catheterization
• Specimen from indwelling foley

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Urine Testing

• Specific gravity
• pH
• Abnormal constituents
• Glucose
• Ketones
• Protein
• Occult blood
• WBCs

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Sputum Specimens

• Culture and Sensitivity
• Cytology
• Acid-Fast Bacilus
• Assess effectiveness of therapy

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Sputum SpecimensThings to Know

• Must differentiate sputum from saliva
• 15 30 mL needed for specimen
• Coughing is necessary to bring up sputum from
  lungs, bronchi, and trachea
• UAP can obtain simple specimen
• Nurse must obtain suctioned specimen
• Mouth care necessary before collection and should
  be offered after collection

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