NANOTECHNOLOGY: ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE

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NANOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE
A KEY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
MEHMET BAYINDIR DEPUTY DIRECTOR UNAM-NATIONAL
NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER INSTITUTE OF
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND NANOTEHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF
PHYSICS BILKENT UNIVERSITY, ANKARA, TURKEY
WIEF FORUM, KUALA LUMPUR / MALAYSIA
Google search UNAM
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OUTLINE

• NANOTECHNOLOGY DEFINITION, EXAMPLES FROM NATURE,
  REVOLUTION VS EVOLUTION, BEAUTY OF SMALL,
  SUSTAINLIBILITY, IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY,
  ETHICS), CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK,
  CHALLENGES
• NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT TIMING IS CRITICAL,
  BASIC RESEARCH, INFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDING, IP
  MANAGEMENT, VECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT, SUSTAINABLE
  DEVELOPMENT, ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE
• MUSLIM WORLD AT A CROSSROAD NANOTECHNOLOGY
  RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIES, PROPOSALS FOR
  ENHANCING THE NETWORKING
• TURKEYS PERSFECTIVE (UNAM) FIRST NATIONAL
  CENTER, USER FACILITY, INTERDISIPLINARY GRADUATE
  PROGRAMS, CREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION,
  RESEARCH OUTPUT, FROM LABORATORY INTO MARKET

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NANOTECHNOLOGY
DEFINITION EXAMPLES FROM NATURE REVOLUTION VS
EVOLUTION BEAUTY OF SMALL SUSTAINLIBILITY IMPACTS
ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS) CURRENT TRENDS AND
FUTURE OUTLOOK CHALLENGES
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NANOTECHNOLOGY DEFINITION
NANOTECHNOLOGY INVOLVES THE DESIGN,
CHARACTERIZATION, PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF
STRUCTURES, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS BY CONTROLLING
SHAPE AND SIZE AT NANOMETRE SCALE (1-100 NM)
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FROM NATURE PEACOCK FEATHERS
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FROM NATURE GEOKO
ULTRA-STICKY FEET

• NUMBER OF SPATULA IN A FOOT 1 BILLION
• INTERMOLECULAR FORCE IS RESPOSIBLE FOR THE STRONG
  BINDING WITH SURFACES
• A GECKO CAN LIFT 130 KG WEIGTH

SPATULA
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TECHNICAL REVOLUTIONS
NANOTECHNOLOGY CAN NOT BE JUST AN EXTENSION FROM
THE MICRO- TO THE NANO-METER SCALE, IT HAS TO
OFFER FUNDEMENTALLY NEW PROSPECTS IN ORDER TO
SPARK A REVOLUTION
MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY
ROHRERS TALK (UNAM, 2010)
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NATURE IS THE PERFECT NANO-SYSTEM
NANO IS THE SCALE OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES AND
RULES LIVING NATURE MICRO RULES TODAYS
TECHNICAL WORLD
NATURE IS THE PERFECT NANO-SYSTEM THE
FUNDAMENTAL SHAPES, MOTIONS, PROCESSES HAPPEN TO
BE ON THE NM SCALE AND ARE SYNTHEZISED TO MICRO-
AND MACRO- SHAPES, MOTIONS, PROCESSES
THE TECHNICAL STRATEGY OF LIVING NATURE IS SENSE
ACTUATE SMALL BY SMALL WEAK BY WEAK MANY
BY MANY
MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY
ROHRERS TALK (UNAM, 2010)
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NANO BEAUTY OF SMALL
SMALL IS POWERFUL INTERMOLECULAR FORCE SMALL IS
SUSTAINABLE LITTLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION LITTLE BUT
BEST SUITED MATERIAL SMALL FOR EXCELLENT
PERFORMANCE SMALLER, FASTER, CHEAPER SMALL RULES
LARGE
SO
SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL
MODIFIED FROM 1986 NOBEL LAUREATE DR. HENRY
ROHRERS TALK (UNAM, 2010)
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IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY, ETHICS)
YEAR COST FOR A NEWBORN GENOME SEQUENCING
1990 3,000,000,000 (USD)
2001 500,000,000
2007 1,000,000
2009 100,000
2014 1,000
THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH
INTO NANOPORE-BASED SENSORS IS TO BE ABLE TO
SEQUENCE THE HUMAN GENOME FOR UNDER 1,000.
ASSUME THAT WE WILL DEVELOP THIS TECHNOLOGY IN
YEAR 2014. WHATS NEXT?
WE NEED SUSTAINABLE BIO-ECONOMY BUT HOW? THEN NOT
SO EASY QUESTIONS
IS POPULATION GROWTH SUSTAINABLE? IS AGING
SUSTAINABLE? HOW WE MANAGE ETHICAL PROBLEMS?
?
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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS INVESTMENTS
Total funding for nanotechnology (from all
sources, including government, corporate RD, and
venture capital), plotted by year

• 62 COUNTRIES HAVE NANOTECHNOGY PROGRAMS
• NUMBERS OF NANOCENTERS EXCEEDS 310 IN THE WORLD
• TOTAL INVESTMENT IN THE WORLD 18 BILLION USD /
  YEAR 2008
• GROWTH RATE 17 (USA), 27 (REST OF THE WORLD)
• ASIA IN THE LEAD SINCE 2006
• 5.9 B1.9B (FEDERAL) 2.7B (CORPORATE RD)1B
  (VENTURE CAP.)
• TOTAL INVESTMENT IN TURKEY 45 MILLION USD
  (2006-2010)

FACTS
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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS PUBLICATIONS
Total number of nanotechnology publications
appearing in the Science Citation Index by year

• The number of nanotechnology papers has grown
  from about 8,000 in 1991 to about 87,000 in 2009
• 27 nations in European Union (EU27) leads in
  number of publications
• Chinas share of publications in leading journals
  is increasing at about the same rate as the
  United States share is decreasing
• China still lags behind the United States and
  Europe in publication quality (impact)

FACTS
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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS PUBLICATIONS
Percentage of nanotechnology publications in year
2010
ASIAS HEAVY INVESTMENT RESULTS IN COMPARABLE
HIGH NANOTECHNOLOGY OUTPUTS.
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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS PATENTS
Patent activity is a key metric of technology
creation

• Patent filing activity in China rose sharply
  during the period 2000-2004 and overtook the
  United States during 2005-2008
• Chinas patent trends, combined with its expected
  future economic growth, could afford it
  widespread nanotechnology protection in one of
  the worlds largest markets in coming decades

FACTS
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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

• Nanotechnology market is growing
• An estimated 224 billion worth of final products
  sold worldwide made some use of nanotechnology
  components in 2009, up from 135 billion in 2007.
• Nanotechnology final products
• 55 was from the materials and manufacturing
  industry sector, including products such as
  automobiles, industrial equipment, and building
  and construction. These products made use of
  nanotechnology-based components such as coatings,
  composites, and electronic components.
• 32 of the final products were from the
  electronics and information technology sector,
  and included items such as mobile devices with
  displays and antimicrobial coatings enhanced with
  nanotechnology.
• 12 of nanotechnology-based products were in the
  healthcare and life sciences sector, primarily
  from nano-enabled drug delivery systems
• 1 of nanotechnology-based products came from the
  energy and environmental sector and included
  items such as nano-enabled filtration membranes
  or batteries.

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TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

• Signature initiatives that would drive the next
  10 years
• Nanomedicine (e.g., imaging, diagnostics and
  therapeutics antibiotics gene regulation)
• Energy storage, generation, and conversion
• Environmental diagnostics and cleanup
• Structural and multi-functional nanocomposites
• Homeland security (e.g., chemical and
  biological detection and monitoring)
• Manufacturing nanotechnology-based products.
• Rapid growth of number of nanotechnology-based
  products and companies
• Explosive growth in energy and environmental
  applications of nanotechnology
• In 2008, this sector accounted for 29 percent of
  all nanotechnology funding by the Federal
  Government, 14 percent of all corporate
  nanotechnology funding, 41 percent of venture
  capital funding, 21 percent of nanotechnology
  publications, and 59 percent of all
  nanotechnology patents

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CHALLENGES

• THE CENTRAL CHALLENGE OF NANOSCALE MATERIAL
  SCIENCE GROWTH FABRICATION OF GIVEN
  STRUCTURES OR COMPONENTS AT GIVEN LOCATIONS FOR
  GIVEN FUNCTIONS
• NANO- INTERFACE INTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT
• CONNECTING NANOSTRUCTURE TO MACRO MICRO SCALE
  COMPONENTS

• NANO RESEARCH STILL REQUIRES EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT
• HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF NANOPRODUCTS
• SUSTAINABLE FUNDING RAPID COMMERCIALIZATION FOR
  CONTINOUS FEDERAL AND VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORTS
• NANOMETROLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST, RELIABLE
  INSTRUMENTS
• STANDARDIZATION

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NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT
TIMING IS CRITICAL TARGETED BASIC
RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDING IP
MANAGEMENT VECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE
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A KEY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
EARLY INVESTMENT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY AS A
REVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH AREA IS AN OPTION FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR A COUNTRY
TARGETED BASIC RESEARCH
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
CONSTRUCTING INFRASTRUCTURES
INTERNATIONAL NETWORKING
RESEARCHERS ENGINEERS TECHNICIANS
VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT
INTERDISCIPLINARY BEHAVIOUR
ETHICAL ISSUES
SUSTAINABLE FUNDING
PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT
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MUSLIM WORLD AT A CROSSROAD
NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIES PROPOSALS
FOR ENHANCING THE NETWORKING
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TRENDS IN OIC COUNTRIES
NUMBER OF PAPERS 1665 IMPACT H-INDEX45 CITATION
/PAPER7.6
NUMBER OF PAPERS 5487 IMPACT H-INDEX40 CITATION
/PAPER2.7
NUMBER OF PAPERS 602 IMPACT H-INDEX18 CITATION/
PAPER2.6
NANOPHOTONICS NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY ENERGY
STORAGE NANOMATERIALS (3) NANOSCALE
SENSOR NANOCATALYSTS BIOTECHNOLOGY
NANOPARTICLES (5) NANOFIBERS NANOFLUIDS
(2) NANOTUBES (2)
NANOPARTICLES (5) NANOFILTRATION
(2) NANOCRYSTALS BIO SENSOR NANOCATALYSTS
NANOMATERIALS FOCUS
NANOMATERIALS FOCUS
DIVERSE FIELDS
SINGAPORE NUMBER OF PAPERS 5493 IMPACT
H-INDEX114 CITATION/PAPER15.0
GOVERNMENTS SUPPORT DRIVES NANOTECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH OUTPUTS IN LEADING OIC COUNTRIES
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PROPOSAL 1
ESTABLISHING A WORLD-CLASS NANOTECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE

• GRADUATE PROGRAMS RAISING OUR FUTURE
  NANOSCIENTISTS
• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY (IP) OFFICE
• START-UP COMPANIES VENTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT
• ENHANCESING COLLABORATIONS BETWEEN OIC MEMBER
  COUNTRIES

BUDGET 30 MILLION USD FOR INFOSTRUCTURE
100 MILLION USD FOR EQUIPMENTS 10-20 MILLION
USD FOR YEARLY RUNNING COST
HUMAN RESOURCES 1,000 PHD STUDENTS
200 POST-DOCS 500
RESEARCHERS (200300)
100 HIGH-TECH COMPANIES
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PROPOSAL 2
LONG-TERM SCIENTIST EXCHANGE BETWEEN EXISTING
NANOCENTERS

• 12-24 MONTHS
• TARGETED RESEARCH AREAS
• FINANCIAL SUPPORT (SALARY, RESEARCH GRANTS,
  EQUIPMENT USAGE FEE)
• UNAM CAN HOST 20-30 SCIENTISTS/YEAR

BUDGET 50,000-100,000 USD / PER PERSON
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PROPOSAL 3
SHARING EXPERTISE BETWEEN THE EXISTING NANOCENTERS

• TRAINING OF TECHNICIAN (TEM, FIB, SEM, XPS, AFM,
  )
• CLEAN ROOM TRAINING
• 4-6 WEEKS SHORT VISITS
• FOCUSED WORKSHOPS FOR TECHNICIANS

BUDGET 5,000-10,000 USD / PER PERSON
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PROPOSAL 4
NANOTECHNOLOGY COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH PROJECTS

• AT LEAST 3 DIFFERENT OIC MEMBERS SHOULD
  PARTICIPATE
• TARGETED RESEARCH FIELDS
• PARTIALY SUPPORTED BY HIGH-TECH COMPANIES
• EU FP7 FRAMEWORK HAS SIMILAR PROJECTS

BUDGET 1,000,000-5,000,000 USD / PER PROJECT
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PROPOSAL 5
SUPPORTING INDIVIDUAL SCIENTIST TO USE EXISTING
NANOCENTERS

• SHORT TERM VISITS (1-2 WEEKS)
• PHD STUDENTS, RESEARCHERS
• TRAVEL , ACCOMMODATION, CONSUMABLE, NANOCENTER
  USAGE FEE

BUDGET 5,000-10,000 USD / PER PERSON
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TURKEYS PERSFECTIVE UNAM
FIRST NATIONAL CENTER USER FACILITY INTERDISIPLINA
RY GRADUATE PROGRAMS CREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR
INNOVATION RESEARCH OUTPUT FROM LABORATORY INTO
MARKET
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NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER
FIRST NATIONAL CENTER

• History 2006 - 2010
• Total laboratory and office space 9000 m2
• Number of laboratories 62
• Number of researchers 250 (600, in 3 years)
• Total investment 50 Million
• Number of users 450 (Universities, Industry,
  International)

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INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY EDUCATION MS PHD
PROGRAMS RAISING OUR FUTURE NANOTECHNOLOGY EXPERTS
100 Graduate Students (400 in 3 years)
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UNAM LABORATORIES
5. FLOOR
NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
4. FLOOR
NANOCHEMISTRY
3. FLOOR
NANOMATERIALS
2. FLOOR
NANO-OPTICS, -PHOTONICS, -ELECTRONICS
1. FLOOR
LASER AND SPECTROSCOPY
GROUND LEVEL
CLEANROOM MICRO- NANO-FABRICATION
BASEMENT LEVEL
IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION
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UNAM LABORATORIES
STATE-OF-THE-ART EQUIPMENTS INVENTORY
WORLD-CLASS EXPERTS
150 Equipments
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UNAM LABORATORIES
62 LABORATORIES INCLUDING NANOMATERIALS,
FUNCTIONAL TEXTILE, MEMS/NEMS SENSORS, MOLECULAR
NANOTECHNOLOGY, PHOTOVOLTAICS
Nanochemisty
Nanobiotechnology
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IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION
SEM
TEM
E-BEAM
DUAL-BEAM
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IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION
NMR
XPS
MICROTOME
AFM
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IMAGING AND CHARACTERIZATION
MRD
AFM
MPD
SNOM
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UNAM CLEANROOM
400 m2, 10, 100 1000 CLASSES
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UNAM CLEANROOM FLOOR PLAN
1 Mask writer 2 Furnaces 3 Mask aligner I 4 Mask
aligner II 5 Bench I 6 ALD I 7 ALD II 8 LPCVD 9
RTA 10 ICP I 11 ICP II 12 Asher 13 Workstation
I 14 Workstation I 15 PECVD 16 Sputtering 17
E-beam 18 Thermal Evap. 19 Bench II 20 Bench III
21 Bench IV 22 Critical P. D. 23 Dicing saw 24
Organic evap. 25 Semiconductor P. A.
26 MOCVD 27 Optical microscope 28 Stylus
profilometer 29 Optical profilometer 30 Network
analyzer
31 Probe station I 32 Probe station II 33 E-Beam
writer 34 SEM
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UNAM IN 2015?

• INFRASTRUCTURE
• INVESTMENT OVER 100 MILLION USD
• 70 LABORATORIES WITH 300 EQUIPMENTS
• WORKFORCE
• 100 RESEARCHERS
• 400 GRADUATE STUDENTS
• 50 ENGINEERS AND TECHNICIANS
• 10 STAFF
• 50 USERS (DAILY)
• USER FACILITY
• TOTAL NUMBER OF USERS FROM TURKEY 1000
• TOTAL NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL USERS 250
• RESEARCH OUTPUT
• 70 MILLION USD NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL GRANTS
  (YEARLY)
• 400 PUBLICATIONS PER YEAR IN LEADING SCI
  JOURNALS
• 50 PATENT APPLICATIONS PER YEAR
• 30 START-UP COMPANIES

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ESTABLISHING NATIONAL CENTER CONCEPT IN TURKEY
CUTTING EDGE BASIC RESEARH MANPOWER,
INFRASTRUCTURE, FUNDING
TRANSFER RESEARCH OUTPUT INTO MARKET SART-UP
COMPANIES, IP MANAGENENT, CONSULTING, INDUSTRY
PROJECTS
RAISING FUTURE NANOSCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS
GRADUATE PROGRAMS, WORKSHOPS
USER FACILITY (365/24 ) ENGINEERS, ACADEMIC
SUPPORT, TRAINING
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IMPACT PUBLICATIONS IN HIGH-QUALITY JOURNALS
JOURNAL IMPACT FACTOR (5 YEARS) PERCENTAGE () OF PUBLICATIONS IN 2011 / TOTAL OF PUBLICATIONS IN PAST
NATURE MATERIALS 33.4 100
NANO LETTERS 12.8 67
ANGEWANTE CHEMIE 12.1 50
ADVANCED MATERIALS 11.3 25
ACS NANO 10.0 80
LAB ON A CHIP 6.9 50
NANOSCALE 4.1 100
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A NEW NANOFABRICATION TECHNIQUE
BAYINDIR RESEARCH GROUP
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NANOWIRES WITHOUT END
ULTIMATE SIZE REDUCTION KILOMETER-LONG
NANOSTRUCTURES A NEW TOP-TO-BOTTOM SCHEME IN
NANOTECHNOLOGY
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CREATING FAVORABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION
UNAM CASE
LARGE-SCALE COMPANIES
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UNAM-ORIGINATED START-UP COMPANIES
FROM LABORATORY TO MARKET WITHIN 2 YEARS
FIRST PRODUCT SOLD !
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OUTLINE

• NANOTECHNOLOGY DEFINITION, EXAMPLES FROM NATURE,
  REVOLUTION VS EVOLUTION, BEAUTY OF SMALL,
  SUSTAINLIBILITY, IMPACTS ON SOCEITY (ECONOMY,
  ETHICS), CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK,
  CHALLENGES
• NANOTECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT TIMING IS CRITICAL,
  BASIC RESEARCH, INFRASTRUCTURES AND FUNDING, IP
  MANAGEMENT, VECTURE CAPITAL SUPPORT, SUSTAINABLE
  DEVELOPMENT, ENGINEERING A BETTER FUTURE
• MUSLIM WORLD AT A CROSSROAD NANOTECHNOLOGY
  RESEARCH IN OIC COUNTRIES, PROPOSALS FOR
  ENHANCING THE NETWORKING
• TURKEYS PERSFECTIVE (UNAM) FIRST NATIONAL
  CENTER, USER FACILITY, INTERDISIPLINARY GRADUATE
  PROGRAMS, CREATING ENVIRONMENT FOR INNOVATION,
  RESEARCH OUTPUT, FROM LABORATORY INTO MARKET

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PEPTIDE NANOFIBERS
Heparin Mimetic Peptide Nanofibers Promote
Angiogenesis
Peptitde nanofibers promote faster wound healing
at in vivo model
In vivo angiogenesis was promoted by Biomimetic
peptide nanofibers
50 nm
R. Mammadov, B. Mammadov, S. Toksoz, B. Aydin, R.
Yagci, A. B. Tekinay, and M. O. Guler, Heparin
Mimetic Peptide Nanofibers Promote Angiogenesis,
2011, Biomacromolecules, DOI 10.1021/bm200957s.