Blood

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Blood

• Chapter 14

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Blood Quiz I

• There are approximately______liters of blood in
  the average human.
• A leukoctye is a______blood cell.

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• A platelet is also known as a___________.
• A erythroctye is called a____________.
• Blood cells are made in the_____ bone marrow.

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• What is the function of a red blood cell?
• What is the function of a white blood cell?
• What is the function of a platelet?

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• What is the liquid portion of blood called?
• What is the buffy coat made of?

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I. Introduction

• A. Blood slightly heavier than water.
• B. 4 times more viscous than water.

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II. Blood Volume

• A. Blood Volumes varies.
• 1. Average adult
• a. Male 6 quarts, 12 pints
• b. Female 5 quarts 10 pints

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III. Parts of Blood

• A. Two Parts
• 1. Solid - Blood Cells -
• 45 of blood volume
• 2. Plasma - liquid portion of blood - 55
  of blood volume

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IV. Blood Cells

• A. 3 kinds of Cells
• 1. Erythrocytes - red blood cells
• 2. Leukocytes - white blood cells
• 3. Thrombocytes - platelets

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• Blood Cells Origin
• 1. made in red bone marrow
• 2. come from stem cells called
  hemocytoblasts.

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B. Red Blood Cells

• 1. Characteristics
• a. Tiny, biconcave disks.
• 1. Provides for more surface area.
• b. Mature red blood cell - has no nucleus.

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• c. Flexible, allows them to move through bld
  vessels easily.
• d. Life span 120 days.
• e. Most numerous

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• 2. Formation of Red Blood Cells
• a. Called hematopoiesis
• 1. Every second 2.4 million made to
  replace old.
• b. Formed in the red bone marrow.

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• 1. Of the body of the vertebrae, ribs, sternum,
  skull, proximal ends of long bones.
• c. Formed from a stem cell called a
  hemocytoblast.

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• d. hemocytotoblasts form -erythroblasts
• e. Erythroblasts become erythrocytes.
• f. Life span 120 days, travels through the
  body 75,000 times in that span.

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• 3. Function of RBC
• a. Carries oxygen throughout the body.
• b. Oxygen is carried by the hemoglobin
  molecule found on the RBC.

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• c. Hemoglobin - protein made of
• 1. 1 heme - iron pigment
• 2. 4 globins - protein molecule
• d. Each hemoglobin molecule can carry 4 oxygens.
  (200-300million hemoglobins/RBC)

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• e. Normal hemoglobin count
• 1. Female 12-14 gm/100 ml
• 2. Male 14-16 gm/100 ml

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• 4. Disorders of RBC
• a. Anemia - low level of hemoglobin
• 1. Iron-deficiency - not enough iron
• 2. Pernicious - low level of vitamin
  B 12

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• a. Causes RBC to form abnormally
• b. Give vitamin B 12 and folic acid.
• 3. Aplastic - due to radiation exposure

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• 4. Sickle Cell Anemia - RBC are sickle shaped,
  common in the black population.
• 5. Thalassemia - poor formation of hemoglobin,
  genetic.

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• b. Polycythemia - increased production of RBC,
  neutrophils and platelets.
• 1. Hemoglobin count above 17.5 gm/100 ml.

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• 5. Destruction of RBC
• a. Old RBC are phagocytosed in the liver,
  spleen or bone marrow.

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• 6. Red Blood Cell Count
• a. Males 4.6 - 6.2 million/cubic
  millimeter
• b. Females 4.2 - 5.4 million/ cubic
  millimeter.
• c. Children 4.5 - 5.1 million/cubic
  millimeter.

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Red blood cell
WBC
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Red blood cell
White blood cell
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Quiz Blood Cells

• The normal red blood cell lives_____days.
• The liquid portion of the blood is
  called_____________.
• A________________is a white blood cell.

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• The iron pigmented molecule that carries oxygen
  on the RBC is called___________.
• A low level of hemoglobin in the blood is
  called_____.

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• Platelets are also called_______________.
• T or F White blood cells are the most numerous
  of the 3 blood cells.
• T or F Red blood cells are produced in the liver
  and spleen.

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• The normal female hemoglobin count is______
  gm/100 ml.
• T or F A mature red blood cell has a nucleus.