Chapter 5 Cardiovascular Health

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Chapter 5 Cardiovascular Health
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• Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
• the leading cause of death in the U.S.

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The Circulatory SystemHeart and Blood Vessels

• Arteries - transport blood away from the heart
  with oxygenated blood
• Arterioles
• Capillaries
• permeate tissues with oxygen and nutrients
• receive oxygen-poor, waste carrying blood
• Veins - transport blood back to the heart with
  deoxygenated blood
• where CVD is most common

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The Heart
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Vena Cavae
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Mitral valve
Left Ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
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Forms of Cardiovascular Disease

• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
• The most prevalent form of heart disease
• Angina Pectoris
• sharp pains in the chest, shoulders, arms, hands,
  neck, jaw a warning that the heart is overloaded
• Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
• due to lack of oxygen to the heart muscle a
  blockage of normal blood flow

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Forms of Cardiovascular Disease

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
• silent killer
• 140 and above
• 90
• Systolic - when the heart pumps the blood through
  the arterial system
• Diastolic - when the heart is at rest (between
  beats)
• Atherosclerosis

• Stroke Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

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Major Risk Factors That Can Be Changed
(Modifiable)

• High blood pressure
• Unhealthy cholesterol levels
• Physical inactivity
• Tobacco use

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Contributing Risk Factors That Can Be Changed

• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Psychological factors
• stress, chronic hostility and anger, suppression
  of psychological distress, depression, anxiety
• Social factors
• social isolation, lower socioeconomic status

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Major Risk Factors That Cannot Be
Changed(Unmodifiable)

• Heredity
• Aging
• increased risk of heart attack after age 65
• Being male
• Ethnicity
• African Americans have much higher risks of
  developing CVD
• Hispanics have higher rates of high blood
  pressure and angina
• Asians have lower rates of CVD

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Cholesterol

• National Guidelines
• under 200 mg - desirable
• 200-239 mg - borderline high
• over 240 mg - high risk
• LDL - lt130 desirable
• gt160 high risk
• HDL - gt45 desirable
• lt35 high risk

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Cholesterol

• The liver produces cholesterol based on the
  amount of fat consumed
• Cholesterol combines with triglycerides to become
  VLDLs
• Triglycerides are removed from the bloodstream to
  become energy or storage fat
• LDLs some organs and tissues require this
• Excess LDLs build up on artery walls
• HDLs reduce the build-up of plaque and deliver
  it to the liver

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Cholesterol/HDL Ratio

• Total Cholesterol divided by
• HDL

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Cholesterol/HDL Ratio

• HDL 68 LDL 117 VLDL 14
• Total Cholesterol 199
• Cholesterol/HDL Ratio 2.93

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Cholesterol

• Women generally have better cholesterol values
  than men
• African-Americans have higher cholesterol values
  than whites
• Aerobic exercise increases HDLs
• Smoking is connected to higher cholesterol

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Thought for the week

• There are 2 kinds of people- those who do the
  work,
• and those who take the credit. Try to be in the
  first group there is less competition there.
• Indira Ghandi