Title: AAMCHI MUMBAI
1AAMCHI MUMBAI
2Disclaimer
This presentation is simply a compilation of
information gathered from various sources (books,
internet). We are not the authors of any piece of
information due credit goes to all those who
did research made this information available
for mankind. The images used in this
presentation are also downloaded from various
sites on the internet due credit goes to the
respective creators of these images.
3The Origin of Mumbai
A Kolin selling fish
- Made up of seven isles Kolbhat (Colaba), Palva
Bunder (renamed by British as Apollo Bunder),
Mazgaon (derived from Sanskrit word Matsya Gram
fishing village, Parel, Mahim, Worli, Chhota
Kolbhat (little Colaba). The bigger island in the
North of Mumbai islands was Sashti (renamed by
Portuguese as Salsette), also constituted of
seven other smaller islands. And the other island
to the East was Turbhe (called as Trombay by
Portuguese) - Deep-sea fishermen called the Kolis and salt
makers called the Aagris were the chief
inhabitants - The name Mumbai was derived from the form of Maha
Amba (Great Mother) Mumbadevi, worshipped by the
Kolis - The Mumbadevi temple was built originally by a
Koli in 14th century atop Dongri hill. The temple
miraculously escaped destruction during the
Muslim Portuguese rules. But British demolished
it in 18th century. It was rebuilt at Pydhonie by
a goldsmith, Pandurang Shivaji Sonar
Mumbadevi Mandir
4Ancient Period
- Artifacts found near Kandivali shows evidence of
human civilisation since 250 BC - 300 BC Maurya Empire (Kanheri caves, Mahakali
Caves, Mandapeshwar caves). Kanheri is derived
from the word Krishnagiri (means black mountain
in Sanskrit). The present Sanjay Gandhi National
Park also existing in this era was earlier
called Krishnagiri National Park - 185 BC Satvahanas of Telgu region ruled the
islands along with Konkan coast - 1st century Satvahana, then Shaka era
- AD 415, Traikutaka, Kalachuri dynasty (coins of
the Kalachuri king Krishnaraja were found in the
village Kavel present day Kalbadevi road) build
the Jogeshwari caves dedicated to Lord Shiva - 6th 7th century Chalukya dynasty (king
Pulakeshin) established their capital on
Gharapuri island - 9th - 12th century Shilahara era (Elephanta
caves, Walkeshwar temple, Banganga Tank,
Ambarnath temple). The Walkeshwar temple was
destroyed by the Portuguese rebuilt by Rama
Kamath in 1715
Gharapuri Caves (called as Elephanta by
Portuguese) (900 AD)
Mahakali Caves (300 BC), Andheri
Jogeshwari Caves
5Medieval Period
- 13th century When Devgiri was besieged by the
invader Allaudin-Khilji, Raja Bhimdev the son of
Ramdev (the Yadav king of Devgiri), established
his capital Mahikawati on isle of Mahim. Raja
Bhimdev his son Pratap Bimb transformed the
island into a city of temples settlements
flourishing with plantations, fishing hamlets
vegetal cover, groves woods, during the 13th
century. - 15th century Mohemmedan invader Mubarak Shah
destroyed many temples cities after defeating
Raja Nagardev in a battle at Byculla and thus
conquered Mumbai. The Haji Ali tomb the Mahim
mosque were built around this time - 16th century Portuguese defeated the
Muhameddans in a battle near the Bandra creek.
They imposed their feudal system on the natives,
demolished temples built churches in their
place. The temple of Walkeshwar Mahalakshmi
were cast down. - In 1661, during the marriage treaty of Infanta
Catherine of Portugal with Charles II of Britain,
Portugal handed over the islands of Mumbai to
Britain as dowry, but retained Sashti islands - In the year 1668, the English East India Company
took over the command of these money-minting
islands under a lease agreement of 10 Pounds per
annum - In 1737 Sashti was captured from the Portuguese
by the native Marathas, but finally lost it to
the British in 1774, and was formally ceded to
the East India Company in the 1782 Treaty of
Salbai
View of the ghat, Banganga tank ancient temple
of Walkeshwar
6Major Settlements of Mumbai
- During the Shilahar era (800-1000AD) GharaPuri
(present day Elephanta) was the capital and
flourishing trade center was established in
sashti island - During Raja Bhimdevs reign the main inhabitants
were various Maharashtrian castes viz. Palshis,
Pachkalshis, Kunbis, Bhandaris, Vadvals, Bhois,
Agris, Pathare Prabhus and Brahmins. The
Bhandaris were originally toddy trappers the
Vadvals were gardeners - The Portuguese had the primary goal of
proselytizing rather than development of mumbai.
They carried conversion in the area of Caval,
Chaul, Bassein Thane, thus introducing
Christianity in this region. - The Hindus (primarily konkanis) who did not
succumb to the oppressions for conversions,
migrated to other parts of Mumbai thus Konkanis
became a part of the oldest inhabitants of
Mumbai. - During the 17th century, Parsis were one of the
earliest immigrants to move to Mumbai. The Parsi
community has contributed significantly to the
development of the nation. Famous Parsis are
Dadabhai Naoroji, Jemshetji Tata, Ratan Tata. The
printing press was introducted to Mumbai by
Bhimji Parikh, a Parsi trader in 1670 - In 1757, Kamathis, construction workers from
Andhra Pradesh arrived here and set up base. The
region was the low-lying area near present day
Mahalaxmi. The region became known as
Kamathipura. - Around the same time, many Gujrathis,
Kathiawaris, Kutchis marwaris arrived to mumbai
to oversome droughts famine in their homeland.
These communities spearheaded the development of
commerce trade in the city - Almost all settlements were largely along the
religious lines. For e.g. locality of pydhonie
physically sperated Hindu Muslim settlements - The Sindhis who were a resident of the state of
Sindh, lost their homes during the partition
since and took shelter in Mumbai settled in
Sindhunagar (Ulhasnagar) contributed to the
progress of trade commerce.
7Greater Mumbai Reclaimed from the Sea
- In 1782 William Hornby, then Governor of Bombay
Presidency, initiated the Hornby Vellard project
of connecting the isles, despite resistance from
East India Company. By 1845 the seven southern
islands had been connected to form Old Mumbai,
with an area of 435 sq.km. Railway viaducts and
road bridges were built in the 19th century to
connect Mumbai island to Sashti, and Sashti to
the mainland. The old railway bridges over the
Bhayandar Naigaon creeks can still be seen from
the Virar locals. The channels separating Mumbai
and Turbhe islands from Sashti Island were filled
in the early 20th century. - The present day area from Bandra to Dahisar are a
part of Sashti island. The ancient Kanheri caves,
Jogeshwari caves, Mahakali caves fall in this
region
(right) Mumbai after reclamation (left) Fort
area after reclamation
Fact It took 60 yrs (1784-1845) to merge the 7
islands of Mumbai into one landmass
8British Raj (17001947 AD)
As per the legend, 1784, when the Hornby Project
kept failing to fill the breach at worli, the
chief engineer, a Pathare Prabhu, dreamt of
Goddess Lakshmi in the sea near Worli. He
searched the waters actually found an idol of
the Goddess built the Mahalakshmi temple in the
sea. Only then did the Hornby Project work
resumed without failures
Right Mahalakshmi mandir
- Below Rajabai Towre under construction
- Mumbai University Building Rajabhai tower,
standing 260 ft tall and endowed with amazing
sculptures, it was financed by Cotton
entrepreneur and banker Premchand Roychand in the
late 19th century
Marine Drive, 1930
9Some Old Memories
Carnac Road, now renamed as Tilak Marg notice
the Crawford market in the back ground
Kalbadevi Road
Oval Maiden, check the Rajabai Tower in the
backgrond
10Some Old Memories
Queens Road
Church gate station with Marine drive in the
background
View from Malabar hill
Bullock cart on Mumbai streets
11Mumbai and Indian Independence
- Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 in a
hall overlooking the Gowalia Tank Maidan - In the historical trial of Bal Gangadhar Tilak
under the Bombay High Court (for charges of
sedition put forth by british), Tilak spoke out
to the world as to what was in the minds of the
Indian people - Swaraj (independence) is my
birthright and I shall have it. This statement
aroused a sleeping nation to action making them
aware of their political plight under foreign
rule - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, arrived in Bombay in
1915 after giving a spirited fight against
inhuman apartheid in South Africa and thus the
concept of Swadeshi, Ahimsa Satyagraha
were introduced in India - In 1921 (after the death of Tilak) Mumbais
citizens contributed over Rs. 1 crore to Tilak
Swaraj Fund which gave a immense boost to entire
freedom struggle - The Quit India Movement took off from Mumbai on
August 7, 1942 by the Congress Party in a public
meeting at Gowalia Tank Maidan (now renamed
August Kranti maidan). - The Mumbai Mutiny of 18th Feb 1946 marked the
first and most serious revolt by the Indian
military personnel of the Western naval fleet
against the British rule. From the initial
flashpoint in Mumbai, the mutiny spread and found
support through India, from Karachi to Calcutta
and ultimately came to involve 78 ships, 20 shore
establishments and 20,000 sailors. This is was
the last straw that broke the camels back and
forced the mighty British empire to finally
announce Indias independence
First Indian National Congress, 1885
Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Freedom Fighter,
Editor, Social Reformer
Gowalia Tank (The tank has been buried and a
ground created over it)
12Interesting Nomenclature (origins)
Some of the earlier most inhabitants were Kolis
(whose major occupation was fishing), Agris
(salt-makers), Bhandaris (who were toddy
trappers), Vadvals or Malis (were gardeners).
Thus there were a variety plantations on the
islands which gave name to quite a few places in
mumbai.
- Elephanta island original name was Gharapuri
(or Puri, place of caves), which was called by
Portuguese as Elephanta after seeing a monolithic
basalt sculpture of an elephant at the entrance.
The britishers made a failed attempt to move take
the elephant to British museum (fortunately their
crane broke down and the elephant today sits just
outside the buyculla zoo) - Dhobi Talao washermans pond until 17th
century, its been buried since then - Parel derived from the Parali Vaijanath Mahadev
temple of the 13th century dedicated to Shiva.
The Portuguuese demolished this built a Jesuit
church convent in its place - Elphinstone circle original name Amliagal
(meaning - in front of tamarind tree, even today
a Tamarind land exists) - Chinch Bunder (south of Dongri near the shore)
chinch means tamarind in Marathi - Bhendi Bazar derived from a bhendi plantation
- Umerkhadi derived from a couple of umbar (Ficus
Glomerata) trees which existed along the shore of
the khadi (creek in Marathi) - On the shores of Umerkhadi was a hamlet Pydhonie
(which means foot-wash in Marathi) - A comparatively narrow belt of land to the hills
were thickly grown with plantations - Phanaswadi phanas (jackfruit in Marathi)
plantations - Kelewadi plantain (banana) groves in Marathi
- Khetwadi khet means farm in Marathi
- Khotachiwadi meaning Khots place. It was
founded by a local named Khot who leased plots to
east indians - Girgaum gir (mountain in Sanskrit), gaum
(village) village at the foot of mountain
(Malabar hill). Nearby was the shrine of Gav-devi
(the deity of the village). - Adjoining Phanaswadi is Cavel (derived from Koli
name Kolwar) is located to the north-east of
Dhobitalao near the Chira Bazaar area. from the
Koli name Kolwar. The Kolis of this village were
converted to Christianity by the Portuguese in
the 16th century. Cavel thus became a Christian
enclave - Bori Bunder bori means sacks in Marathi, bunder
is port. Port where sacks are offloaded stored
The entrance to the Gharapuri Caves (Elephanta)
in ancient days
Old Mumbai
13Interesting Nomenclature (origins)
- Up the Malabr hill was a plantation of babul
trees which lend the name to famous Babulnath
temple. - The Worli creek to the north of this island was
called Kshirsagar the khind in the hills got
denigrated to Breach Candy. There were tad (brab)
palms below the hills which gave the name to
Taddeo (Tardeo) - Byculla derived from Bhaya (Cassia fistula)
khala means at ground level - At extreme south of Parel island was a tamarind
covered valley, hence the name Chinchpokli - Parel pronounced as Paral, derived from the
Parali Vaijanath Mahadev temple built by the
Brahmins of the 13th century dedicated to Shiva.
The Portuguese demolished this built a Jesuit
church convent in its place - North of Parel was the boat hamlet Naigaon
derived from Nyaya-gaon (nyay means justice),
which was the court of justice in the days of
Raja Bhimdev. - Further north were rows of banyan trees, which
gave the name Vadala (vad means banyan in marathi - Bamnoli (between Vadala Parel) derived from
Baman-aali (baman is Brahman aali means row)
which was a Brahmin settlement - The name of the 7th island was also derived from
the rows of banyan (vad) as Vad-ali (aali means
row) or Varali (Worli) - The northern most main island (present day
Bandra-to-Bhayandar) was called Sashti (which
means 66), since it comprised of group of 66
villages. It was called as Salsette by Portuguese - Thane derived from Sthan or Sthanaka, capital
of Shilaharas. Slabs copper plates of this era
were discovered in Thane - Mazgaon derived from Machchagram (machcha
fish, gram-village) - Bhuleshwar named after the temple of Shiva
(Bholenath) - Trombay original name Turbhe. Trombay given by
Portuguese - Pydhonie feet-wash in Marathi indicating that
this was once a creek. This was one of the first
piece of land to be reclaimed from the sea - Khar (salty in Marathi) for its vicinity to the
sea near Khar Danda - Dharavi derived from daar (which means the door
of the island) - Khumbarwada kumbhar means potter. Potters from
Saurashtra lived here - Sewri derived from Sivawadi
14Geography Topology of Greater Mumbai
- Mumbai peninsula is 2 meters above sea-level
- the area of Greater Mumbai is 603 km2, comprising
Bombay City 157 km2 and Suburbs 446 km2. Greater
Mumbai district (smallest in Maharashtra)
covers an area of 437.71 sq. km. that constitutes
0.14 per cent of total area of Maharashtra - Greater Mumbai comprises the Mumbai, South Sashti
and Turbhe Islands, - The entire Greater Mumbai is made of Deccan
basalt flows their acid basic variants and
also some fossiliferous sediments mainly of
tufaceous partly of fresh water origins rich in
fauna - Almost 50 of the city area and 23 of the
suburban area has been reclaimed from below
sea-level by infilling, pushing the sea outward
through dyke-walls like those of the Back Bay
reclamation
Greater Mumbai (satellite image)
Mumbai lies over more than 10 seismic fault
lines. The coastal plain to the east of Mumbai is
prone to earthquakes of even higher intensity,
upto 7.5 on the Richter scale.
15Mumbais Harbours
Apollo Bunder (area before Gateway of India was
erected)
- The Harbour Bay is studded from south to north
with many islands - Kansa or Gull islet (easter side)
- Karanja islan,
- Cross or Gibbet island, (situated opposite the
Victoria Dock) - Butcher island
- Elephanta island
- Oyster Rock
- Hog island (1km east of Elephanta),
- Henery and Kenery.
- Ferry Wharf is a wharf along the Thane Creek,
along the coast of Dockyard Road on the Eastern
seafront of Mumbai. The wharf serves as the port
for numerous fishermen who bring in their daily
catch. Ferry services link up JNPT, Uran to the
west, and Rewas and Mandwa to the south
Kanheri Caves (300 BC), Borivali
Right centre Mumbais Harbours in present
days Right below Oyester rock in the background
16Creeks, Marshes, Tidal Swaps, Lakes, Hills
- The central horse shoe valley in the hills used
to be drained south by the Mahim river in the
past. This river has been dammed in its upper
reaches, so mruch so this valley today
accommodates three small fresh water lakes, the
Tulsi, the Vihar and the Powai, one below the
other, that supply the city with 3 per cent of
its domestic and other needs of water supply.
Below Powai, the river today is mostly a storm
drain and a gutter of sewerage, blocked off by
the construction of the Santacruz airpoit at its
Kurla end. The lower reaches is a shallow, fastly
silting up drain of industrial wastes emptying
into the Mahim Bay. - The Kanheri hill complex has a radial drainage
system, with numerous rain torrents washing down
its slopes in all directions. The largest of them
is the Dahisar river that rises on the southern
flanks of the Kanheri hills, and drains west to
join the Marve creek this river, however, has
been blocked to form the Dahisar project, to
augment the water supply to the city to a small
extent. - Juhu, Varsova, and Marve, are sand bars pushed
inland by the sea, and resting on knolls, Dharavi
and - Rai Murdhe. Today they form together a single
land mass, off the Ulhas mouth. - Surrounding the central hilly region, are
extensive lowlying plains, that are reclaimed
tidal marshes and flats just above tidal levels.
They are widest to the west and south of the
central hilly region, and narrowest to the north.
In the east, along the Thane creek, sizable
stretches of tidal swaps and salt pan areas,
especially around Bhandup, still survive
Tulsi lake
Powai lake
Harbour in monsoon
.
17Old Mumbais Transport System
The Bombay Tramway Company Limited was set up in
1873. The tram-cars were of two kindsthose drawn
by one horse and those drawn by two. In 1905,
The Bombay Electric Supply Tramways Company
Limited started the first electrically operated
tram-car appeared on Mumbais roads in 1907. The
passing years aggravated the problem of rush-hour
traffic and to ease the situation, double decker
trams were introduced in September, 1920. Dadar
TT is Dadar Tram Terminus
Early Trams
Top BEST first bus
Left a gas street lamp.
Mumbai saw its first bus run on 15 July 1926
between Afgan Church and Crawford Market. Double
deck buses were introduced in 1937 in order to
cope better with the growing traffic. BEST is now
The Brihanmumbai Electric Supply Transport
Undertaking.
Mumbai Suburban Railway is the oldest in Asia
established in 1847, then known as The Great
Indian Peninsula Railway Company (G.I.P., for
short) was established in 1849.
Its first train, the first in the country, ran
from Mumbai to Thane on 16th April 1853. In 1865,
the railway went over the Borghat. By 1870
Calcutta and Madras had been linked with Mumbai
by rail. The Bombay Baroda and Central India
Railway (BBCI) was started in 1855. The first
motor car appeared on Mumbai roads in 1901.
Old Churchgate Rlwy Station
18Mumbai and Civil Aviation
It all began on October 15, 1932. It was on this
day that J.R.D. Tata, the father of Civil
Aviation in India and founder of Air India, took
off from Drigh Road Airport, Karachi, in a tiny,
light single-engined de Havilland Puss Moth on
his flight to Bombay via Ahmedabad. He landed
with his precious load of mail on a grass strip
at Juhu.
19Pioneers of Mumbai
- Raja Bhimdev became the earliest pioneer of
Mumbai in the 13th century who established his
capital Mahikawati on one of the isles called
Newale or Barad-bet (deserted island, bet in
Marathi means island), present day Mahim. He
built his palace temple of goddess Prabhadevi
in Naigaon (between Wadala Parel). Even today,
the same place is called Bhima Rajas wadi. He
built a court of justice in Prabhadevi, as well
as the first Babulnath temple, dedicated to Lord
Shiva named after the Babul trees which were the
main components of a forest covering the
low-lying areas of this island. He introduced
many fruit-bearing trees, including coconut palms
to the island
Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian Cinema
Jamshetji Tata the first pioneer entrepreneur
who strived for economic independence of India
during the British rule. He started an industrial
revolution for swadeshi manufacturing of iron,
steel, textile, electrical power generation. The
Tata brand is his tribute to the nation
Madame Bhikaji Cama She raised the First Flag of
Indian Independence at a Socialist Confernce in
Germany was very active in the Indian freedom
struggle
Dr. Homi Bhabha, pioneer of nuclear science,
founder of the Indian Atomic Energy programme.
While India was striving for independence, he
spearheaded the country in an advanced field of
science technology. He founded TIFR, which is
one of the best school of physics in the world
Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, Social
Reformer Founder member of Prarthana Samaj in
Mumbai which engaged in a campaign of reformation
without alienating the more orthodox elements of
the society
Bhau Daji Lad, Educationist, Social Reformer,
Sheriff of Mumbai. He was instrumental in the
some of the major reconstruction efforts of the
city, since 1857.
Dadabhai Naoroji, Freedom Fighter Founder of
the Indian Nation Congress in Mumbai
20Acharya Pralhad Keshav Atre (Literaturist, Social
worker). An active member of the Unified
Maharastra Movement. Though he was a Brahmin, he
worked for removing the curse of untouchability
Nana Jagannath Shankarshet, businessman
entrepreneur He was an Indian philanthropist and
educationalist. An active leader in many arenas
in Mumbai life. He founded many schools, Sanskrit
library in Mumbai, member of Mumbai Education
Board
Senapati Pandurang Mahadev Bapat, Freedom
Fighter, Social Reformer Major figure in the
Indian Independence struggle, which earned him
the title Senapati
Dr. C. D. Deshmukh first Governor of RBI ,
Finance Minister of India He was member of Board
of Governers of IMF IBRD. An active supporter
of Unified Maharashtra Movement
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Scholar, Social Reformer,
Jurist. He spent his whole life fighting against
social discrimination. He was the chief architect
of Indian Constitution
Bharat Ratna Maharshi Keshav Karve, He was the
Pioneer of Womens Education Upliftment the
right for widows to remarry in India. He
established the first university for women in
India in 1916, which is currently known as SNDT
Women University
These are just a few representational pioneers of
Mumbai. There are many more who had a hand in the
making of Mumbai as one of the leading cities of
Free India
21Mumbais Life-line
Mumbai Suburban Railwayss operate on 2 zones CR
WR carry a total of 6.3 million passengers
every day
BEST runs a total of 3,408 buses, ferrying 4.5
million passengers daily over 340 routes
22Mumbai Today
Juhu Beach
Hutatma Chowk
Siddhivinayak mandir, Prabhadevi
Shivaji Park, Dadar
Shoe-polish boys
Mumbais faithful night-watchmen
Rajabai Tower
23Mumbai Today
Wankhede Stadium
Taj Hotel, Gateway
Fact Jamshetji Tata was denied access to Watson
Hotel since he was an Indian. In retaliation, he
set up the Taj Hotel
Marine Drive
Fact Nariman Point was named after Khursheed
Framji Nariman, a Parsi visionary
24Indias Business Capital
Stock Exchange, Dalal Street
Hanging Garden, Malabar Hill
Dadar Flower Market
Vidhan Bhavan
Nehru Science Center, Worli
Mantralaya
High Court
Haji Ali tomb
BMC
Dhobi Ghat, Mahalakshmi
Central Library
25Mumbai Invincible
Clockwise from right 1) Dahi handi 2) Women
riding bikes during Gudi Padva parade 3) Ganesh
Chaturthi festival
26Aamhi Mumbaikar
Little Master Sunil Gavaskar
Master Blaster- Sachin Tendulkar
A Dabbawala
The dutiful BEST bus conductor
Lata Mangeshkar with Amitabh Bacchan, Balasaheb
Thackeray, Sachin Tendulkar
Dr. Nitu Mandke, Surgeon
Shubha Raul, Mayor
Harish Kapadia Himalayan Explorer
27The Mumbaikar Spirit
BROUGHT TO YOU BY VIPUL DESAI
- Like a mother whose heart always has space for
any number of children, Mumbai has crossed all
limits adjusted herself to accommodate all
those who beseeched her - A confluence of many varied cultures of the
country a mini India in the true sense - Where two natives (Maharashtrians) tend to speak
Mumbaiyya with each other, instead of Marathi - Which does not rest for a moment even after being
hit by worst disasters riots, bomb-blasts,
floods, strikes, accidents, terror-attacks - Where there is always scope for adjusting one
more commuter continuously even in a jam-packed
local, defying the laws of Mass Volume - Where distance is measured in minutes/hours ..
For eg. the distance b/w work-place home is
usually 2hrs - Where your driving skill ought to achieve a
precision of 0.5mm (bumper-to-bumper) with 0
tolerance, even while manouvering around a
pothole - Where you need to be skilled in jumping off/on a
bus/train few secs before it stops, if you happen
to be in the first row near the door while
alighting/boarding a bus/train - Where 8 people can share a 6ftx6ft kholi can
still make space for more - Where you dont need a reason to play/talk
cricket - Where you dont need your own vehicle to commute
from one end of the city to another at any time
(thanks to the nearly 24hr coverage of BEST
buses, Locals, black-n-yellow metered rides) - Where the cheapest, quickest most exciting
shopping of varied items can be done in the train
itself
this is Aamchi Mumbai
Language Spoken Mumbaiyya Staple Food
Vada-pav Staple Drink Cutting
Fact Vada-paav was born 35yrs back when Ashok
Vaidya a snack seller outside Dadar station
decided to experiment