THE RISE OF ISLAM

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THE RISE OF ISLAM
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DRAWING FROM EXPERIENCE

• When it is sunny outside, what are some
  activities you do?
• What about when it is raining?
• How does the weather affect your life?
• QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
• How did climate and geography affect early life
  in Arabia and how the religion of Islam began?
• What two things did Muhammad think rich town
  leaders should do?
• What are some similarities between Christianity,
  Judaism and Islam?
• What is the Quran?
• Why were the Ottoman and Mughal Empires
  successful?

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WHERE IS ARABIA?

• Arabia is in a part of the world called the
  Middle East.

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GEOGRAPHY OF ARABIA

• Arabia is mostly desert
• It is very hot
• Sandstorms make it hard to see
• Water and plant life are found at oases

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EARLY ARABS

• Early Arabs lived in clans and tribes that were
  loyal to each other
• The head of the tribe was called a sheikh
• Many Arabs lived in villages where they had farms
  or animals
• Some Arabs traded goods across the desert
• Many traveled in a caravan, or group.

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WHO ARE THE BEDOUINS?

• Some Arabs were desert herders
• They would go from oasis to oasis so their
  camels, goats and sheep could drink and eat.
• These people were called Bedouins
• Bedouins lived in tents
• Ate dried fruits and nuts
• Drank milk from their animals
• Rarely ate meat

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MECCA

• Mecca became the largest and wealthiest Arab
  town, it was also an important religious place.
• In the middle of Mecca is the Kaaba
• Pilgrims, people who travel to a holy place, came
  to Mecca
• Arabians worshiped many Gods but the most
  important was Allah, he who made everything.

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MUHAMMAD ISLAMS PROPHET

• Muhammad was born in 570 AD in Mecca
• Even though he was successful, he was not happy
• Felt rich town leaders should
• go back to the old ways
• Honor their families
• Be fair in business
• Help the poor
• Muhammad went to the hills to meditate
• 610 AD Visited by an angel and told to preach
  Islam
• Islam means Surrendering to the will of Allah
• Allah is the Arabic word for God

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MUHAMMADS TEACHINGS

• Muhammad went back to Mecca and told everyone to
  break their statues of false gods
• He told them to only worship Allah, the one true
  God
• Muhammad taught that all people were equal
• He said
• The rich should share their things
• Being rich was not as important as leading a good
  life
• When the Day of Judgment came, God would reward
  the good people and punish the bad

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OPPOSITION TO ISLAM

• Religious leaders and the rich did not like Islam
  and punished those who followed Muhammad
• Muhammad and his followers left Mecca in 622 AD
  and moved north to a city they called Medinah
  City of the Prophet
• Muhammad created a government in Medinah that
  used its power in politics to support Islam
• This is called an Islamic state
• 630 AD Muhammads army took over Mecca and made
  it a holy city

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ISLAMS TEACHINGS

• Islam, Judaism and Christianity believe some of
  the same things
• Believe in one God who spoke to people through
  prophets
• Muslims believe Abraham, Moses, Jesus and
  Muhammad are the prophets
• Christians see Jesus as divine/god-like
• Muslims do NOT see Muhammad as divine, just a
  good person and prophet
• Muslims wrote down what Allah told Muhammad in
  the Quran, the holy book of Islam

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THE QURAN

• How to Live be honest, treat others fairly,
  honor their parents, give to the poor, do not
  murder, lie or steal
• Daily Life Cannot eat pork, drink alcohol or
  gamble
• FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
• Acts of Worship Belief, Prayer, Charity,
  Fasting and Pilgrimage

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ISLAMIC EMPIRES

• By 750 AD, Islam spread to North Africa, Spain
  and some of India
• One hundred years after Muhammad died, the
  Islamic state became a great empire.Why were
  they so successful?
• Arabs were good on horseback and with swords
• Motivated by their religion
• Muslims believed anyone who died fighting for
  Islam would go to paradise
• Let others practice their own religion
• People of the BookChristians and Jews
• If you were not Muslim, you had to pay a special
  tax
• The term Arab came to mean anyone who spoke
  Arabic, not someone FROM Arabia.

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STRUGGLES WITHIN ISLAM

• When Muhammad died, Muslims argued about who
  would be caliph, successor to the Messenger of
  God.
• Muslims split into two groups Sunnis and
  Shiites
• Today most Muslims are Sunnis
• Iran and Iraq have the largest numbers of Shiites
• Although one in their basic beliefs, Shiites and
  Sunnis created their own separate religious
  practices and customs

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END OF THE FIRST ARAB EMPIRE

• 1200s Mongols invaded from central Asia
• The Mongols were building their own empire and
  destroying many civilizations
• 1258 the Mongols burned Baghdad, the capital of
  the Arab Empire, to the ground

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LATER MUSLIM EMPIRES

• Other Muslim groups built empires in Asia, Africa
  and Europe
• Two of the largest and most powerful empires were
  the Ottoman Empire that began in Turkey and the
  Mogul empire in India
• The Ottoman Empire Ottoman Turks
• Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453,
  renamed Constantinople to Istanbul
• Conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia,
  parts of Arabia and North Africa
• Used guns and cannons to fight, built a navy for
  the Mediterranean

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OTTOMAN EMPIRE
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WHO WERE THE MOGULS?

• 1500s Muslims in north India build another
  Muslim empire
• Used guns, cannons, elephants and horses to win
  land
• Made the city of Delhi the center of their empire
• Greatest Mogul ruler was Akbar
• Treated his people fairly, which brought peace
  and order
• Most of Indias people were Hindu
• Both Hindus and Muslims worked in Akbars
  government
• Muslim traders brought paper, gunpowder and fine
  porcelain from China, architects used built
  styles like the arch and dome

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WHO WERE THE MOGULS?
The Mogul empire started to decline when they
spent too much trying to expand, forced people to
pay high taxes and switch to Islam, then had to
deal with European merchants