Janet Kozyra, University of Michigan

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CAWSES Space Weather Theme IHY, eGY, IPY 2007
Working Together

• Janet Kozyra, University of Michigan
• Co-Chair, Space Weather Theme, CAWSES
• Presented by Jan Sojka, Utah State University
• Co-Chair, Climatology of the Sun-Earth System
  Theme, CAWSES
• IHY North American Planning Meeting
• Boulder, Colorado, 16-18 Feb 2005

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Some Background on CAWSES
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SCOSTEP
SCOSTEPs mission to implement research programs
in solar-terrestrial physics that benefit from
international participation and that involve at
least two ICSU bodies. SCOSTEP Bureau

• President M. A. Geller
• Vice-president S. T. Wu
• Scientific Secretary J. H. Allen
• S. K. Avery (URSI)
• W. Baumjohann (IAGA)
• R. Fujii (COSPAR)
• B. Schmieder (IAU)
• F. W. Sluijter (IUPAP)
• T. Tsuda (IAMAS)
• M. Candidi (SCAR)

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CAWSES Scientific Steering Group

• Chair Sunanda Basu, BU, USA
• Jean-Louis Bougeret, CNRS, France
• Joanna Haigh, Imperial College, UK
• Yohsuke Kamide, STEL, Japan
• Arthur Richmond, NCAR, USA
• C.-H. Liu, NCU, Taiwan
• Lev Zelenyi, IKI, Russia
• D. Pallamraju, Scientific Coordinator
• L. Walsh, Program Admin.

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Four Themes under CAWSES
Solar Influence on Climate

Space Weather Science and Applications
Atmospheric Coupling Processes
Climatology of the Sun-Earth System
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Theme 2 Space Weather Science
Applications Co-Chairs Janet Kozyra (USA) and
Kazunari Shibata (Japan) Overview Theme2 Panel
Sun-to-Earth System Science Santimay Basu
(USA), Walter Gonzalez (Brazil), Anatoly
Petrukovich (Russia), Rainer Schwenn (Germany),
Wei Feng Si (China) and R. Sridharan (India) WG
2.1 Enhanced Resolution Worldwide GPS TEC Maps
Co-Chairs Anthea Coster (USA), M. Hernandez
Pajares (Spain) Membership In Process. WG 2.2
CAWSES/IAGA/GEM Worldwide Magnetospheric
Observations Chair Ian Mann (CANOPUS)
Members Ari Viljanen (IMAGE) , Mark Engebretson
(MACCS), Jeff Love (USGS), Mark Moldwin
(MEASURE), Eftyhia Zesta (SAMBA), Kiyohumi Yumoto
(210 MM) -- continuing to recruit additional
magnetometer chains WG 2.3 Solar Observations
Chair Nat Gopalswamy (USA) Members
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Theme 2 Space Weather Science
Applications Working Groups in Planning
Stages WG 2.4 Continuous Solar H alpha
Observations Being Populated WG 2.5 Worldwide
Space Weather Applications Being Populated WG
2.6 Models, Simulations and Data Assimilation
Being Populated WG 2.7 Worldwide Coordinated Data
Analysis Being Populated
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Special Features of CAWSES Space Weather Theme,
2004-2008

• Goal Collaborative analysis of international
  sun-to-Earth data sets aimed at answering open
  questions in space weather understanding
  prediction
• Main Strategy Sun-to-Earth campaigns
  (pre-planned, real-time based on delta sunspot or
  retrospective) driven by science questions
• New Feature
• Progressive development of new global data
  analysis tools that require international
  collaboration
• worldwide maps of geophysical quantities (ex
  ULF wave power, hmF2, nmF2, high-resolution GPS
  TEC, etc.)
• continuous time-series of solar observations
  (ex continuous H alpha solar images)
• Use of new global data analysis tools in
  combination with other satellite ground-based
  data in campaigns to address science questions in
  ways that were not possible before.
• Capacity Building Data sharing as a powerful
  capacity building exercise in developing nations.
  Puts local observations into the global view.

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CAWSES Global Research Tools

• Created by a working group, consisting of
  representatives from observing sites, who decide
  on
• the best parameters to display
• the needed algorithms to integrate the data from
  different sites (possibly on the fly)
• the most useful graphical displays
• Efficient data access
• The recruitment of observing sites in critical
  locations
• Where possible, use recruitment of sites as a
  capacity building tool
• Suggest space weather campaigns or retrospective
  analysis efforts that utilize the global science
  analysis tools ( other data) to address cutting
  edge science questions

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Value of CAWSES to IHY, eGY, IPY

• Progressively develop a set of new international
  data analysis tools
• Valuable asset for space research
• Combined with satellite data they give new ways
  of investigating important science questions
• Lasting legacy after IGY celebrations
• Collect preserve comprehensive sets of
  international sun-to-Earth observations
• Valuable for developing assimilative space
  weather models
• Important for testing understanding and
  predictive capabilities of sun-to-Earth models
• Worldwide resource for sun-Earth system science
  during and after IGY
• Build up an international community familiar with
  campaign tools collaborative analysis ready to
  participate in the IGY
• Help refine science questions and needs for
  worldwide campaigns over the next 2 years in
  preparation for the IGY celebration.

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• Critical Joint Needs with IHY, eGY, IPY Data
  Environment
• Baseline Need Seamless access sun-to-earth data
  sets worldwide (including developing nations) --
  through Virtual Observatories?
• Wish List
• High level, analyzed and intepretted data by
  instrument teams
• On-the-fly generation of integrated data products
  (world-maps, continuous time series) constructed
  by networks of worldwide observatories
• Summary data on a common time or spatial axis at
  vantage points throughout the geospace system
• Mapping between regions
• Tracking of science questions that develop
• Smart data searches (looking for similar
  features, similar events, statistics in Virtual
  Observatories)
• Model simulations as data sets
• viewed along satellite trajectories
• mapped to ground-based sites
• Plotted with observations in common format
• post-processed quantities (i.e., Poynting flux, B
  field energy, etc.)
• Support for assimilative models
• Secure proprietary data sharing for space weather
  user community

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Update on Data Sets and new CAWSES Global
Analysis Tools for the First CAWSES Campaign
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1st CAWSES Campaign

• Purpose to investigate
• Space Weather Sun-to-Earth (27 March - 6 April
  2004)
• Collect a sun-to-Earth data set which dips down
  into the lower atmosphere during high-speed solar
  wind streams
• Provide first testbed for CAWSES worldwide maps -
  new international research tools.
• Equinox State of the Middle Atmosphere Coupling
  between Atmospheric Regions (March - April 2004)
• By collecting worldwide information on the
  equinox middle atmosphere.
• By serving as test bed (where possible) for
  global integrated maps of middle atmosphere
  parameters - (i.e., gravity waves, temperature,
  winds, etc).

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1st CAWSES Campaign

• Collaboration with
• ISR World Days, MI-coupling campaign, 29 March -
  3 April 2004
• Focus Coupling between the high- and
  low-latitude ionospheres
• Coordinated observations by incoherent scatter
  radars worldwide
• Sonderstrom, EISCAT, Svalbard, Millstone Hill,
  Arecibo, Jicamarca, Irkutsk (Russia), and Kharkov
  (Ukraine)
• Led by Chao-Song Huang (MIT/Haystack)
• CPEA (Coupling Processes in the Equatorial
  Atmosphere) March - April 2004
• Focus Coupling troposphere up through
  thermosphere in a strong convective region over
  Indonesia
• Led by Prof. Shoichiro Fukao, Dr. Mamoru
  Yamamoto (Kyoto Univ)

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Campaign Data Sets
gt 40 participating space ground-based observing
programs

• Satellite Data
• Solar SOHO, RHESSI
• Solar Wind ACE, SMEI
• Magnetosphere Cluster, Double Star, Polar,
  GOES, NOAA/POES, Iridium, LANL GEO, IMAGE
• Radiation Belt SAMPEX, GOES particles, HEO,
  LANL SOPA, GPS
• Ionosphere DMSP, FAST, ROCSAT, TIMED
• Thermosphere/Mesosphere/Stratosphere TIMED,
  UARS, CHAMP
• Solar Ground-Based Satellite Observations
• Catalog hosted at the CDAW website
  (http//cdaw.gsfc.nasa.gov)
• Data Sources IPS, ISOON, H-alpha, TRACE, SOHO,
  Metric Radio, Microwave,etc.

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Campaign Data Sets

• Ground-Based Data
• Fabry Perot Interferometers
• Northern Scandinavia at Kiruna, Sweden
  Sodankyla, Finland and Longyearbyen, Svalbard
• Emissions
• OI (557.7 nm), OI (630.0 nm) at Bear lake
  Observatory, UT
• OI (630 nm) High Resolution Imaging Echelle
  Spectrograph at Boston
• Optical photometer - Trivandrum
• Ionosondes Digisondes
• International digisonde users group in Center for
  Atmospheric Research, Lowell's DIDBase
• Australian Ionosonde Network -- 5 min cadence
• 3 digital ionosondes in Brazil
• Vertical ionospheric sounding in Rome
• Oblique ionospheric sounding between Rome and
  London
• Ionospheric Irregularities
• Scintillations derived from chain of GPS
  receivers located in the American 70o longitude
  sector and SCINDA global network of AFRL
• VHF spaced-receiver and GPS instruments
  (Tirunelveli, India)

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Campaign Data Sets

• Radars
• Incoherent Scatter Radars
• Sonderstrom, EISCAT, Svalbard, Millstone Hill,
  Arecibo, Jicamarca, Irkutsk (Russia), and Kharkov
  (Ukraine)
• SuperDARN
• Magnetometer Data
• Global ULF wave maps (power, wave index,
  magnetospheric density)
• Initial set of magnetometer arrays IMAGE,
  MACCS, CANOPUS, USGS, MEASURE, SAMBA, 210 MM
• Progressively extend to include other arrays,
  other magnetometer data products
• ULF wave measurements in Bulgaria, Italy and
  Antartica
• Digital magnetometer, Kodaikanal, India
• SEGMA array in Italy
• Kharkiv V. Karazin National University
  magnetometer
• Trivandrum magnetometer
• TEC
• IGS Rinex data, World European maps
• JPL Maps
• Chain of GPS receivers located in the American
  70o long sector

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Campaign Data Sets

• Mesosphere Observations
• MF radar Neutral winds 80-98 km,
• equatorial station at Tirunelveli, India
• Kharkiv V. Karazin National University
• Network of 35 MF radars spanning high to low
  latitude (Scott Palo)
• MST radar at Gadanki, India
• E-region drifts at 85-105 km at Collm (52N, 15E).
  
• All-sky, multi-wavelength gravity wave imager,
  located at Bear Lake Observatory,UT
• Medium field (75 deg) Mesospheric Temperature
  Mapper  located at Maui, Hawaii (20.8 N, 156 W)
• Raleigh Lidar in Gadanki, India
• Lower atmosphere radar in Gadanki, India
• GPS receiver in Gadanki, India
• All Sky Imagers
• 3 in Brazil
• Equatorial Electrojet
• Tirunelveli, India
• HF Doppler Radar
• Kodaikanal, India, Kharkiv V. Karazin National
  University, Trivandrum

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Campaign Data Sets

• Simulation Outputs as Data Sets
• GAIM - Assimilative model of the Ionosphere - Jan
  Sojka
• CSEM MHD Simulation - ULF waves - John Freeman
• TIEGCM - Geoff Crowley

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CAWSES World Maps - New International Research
Tools

• First Results
• CAWSES Hi-Res GPS TEC World Maps Leads Anthea
  Coster (USA) M. Hernandez Pajares (Spain)
• CAWSES/GAIM Assimilative Worldwide Maps of the
  Ionosphere Lead Jan Sojka, Utah State
  University
• CAWSES/IAGA/GEM Worldwide ULF Wave Parameters
  Leads Ian Mann, Paul Lotoaniu, University of
  Alberta, CA

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CAWSES Hi-Res Worldwide TEC
Some Issues

• Possible additional sources of real-time GPS
  (I.e., IGS, Suomi-Net, Canadian real-time
  differential network
• Other sources of complementary data
• Critical need for observations over Africa
• Programs to provide GPS receivers PCs in data
  gaps.
• Collaborations involving Australian data

TEC Movie
Courtesy Anthea Coster
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Global View of the Ionosphere Through
Assimilative Modeling
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Global View of the Ionosphere Through
Assimilative Modeling
02 April 2004 (day 093)
03 April 2004 (day 094)
USA GAIM (assimilates gt 160 GPS Receivers)
Space weather variations
Forecast (IFM)
Relatively constant prediction
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CAWSES/GAIM Assimilative Ionosphere Model. Fills
in sparse data coverage with physical model

• GAIM uses TEC data to reconstruct the ionosphere
  from 90 to gt2000 km globally
• Striking changes in the ionosphere over Jicamarca
  not predicted in ionosphere forecast model (IFM).

High speed stream activity
Storm2
Quiet
Storm1
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• CAWSES/IAGA/GEM World Magnetometer Maps
• Chair Ian Mann, Canada (CANOPUS)
• Members Ari Viljanen (IMAGE), Mark Engebretson
  (MACCS), Jeff Love (USGS), Mark Moldwin
  (MEASURE), Eftyhia Zesta (SAMBA), Kiyohumi Yumoto
  (210 MM ).
• First data product ULF wave power distribution
  maps
• Plans
• Extend to include other arrays and stations
• Extend to create other magnetometer data products
  based on the time-series data.
• new ULF wave indices
• ULF magnetospheric density maps
• Data Host Space Sciences Data Portal (SSDP),
  University of Alberta (PIRobert Rankin)

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CAWSES/IAGA/GEM Worldwide ULF Wave Parameters
Courtesy T. M. Loto'aniu, I. Mann, and D.
Milling (Physics Department, University of
Alberta)
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CAWSES/IAGA/GEM Worldwide ULF Wave Parameters

• To the FFT, Dst looks like a very low frequency
  (lt 1 mHz) wave cycle.
• Spectral leakage into higher frequency
  components. Unusually large Dst means unusually
  large leakage.
• Sharp drop in Dst interpretted as high frequency
  components in PSD

Challenges in Interpretting Maps
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CAWSES/IAGA/GEM Worldwide ULF Wave Parameters Web
Interface
Courtesy T. M. Loto'aniu, I. Mann, and D.
Milling (Physics Department, University of
Alberta)
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Future Plans to come!

• Two virtual worldwide poster sessions in planning
  for the analysis of the 1st CAWSES campaign
• Data exchange
• Science issues raised by the data
• 30 day campaign in September 2005
• All 8 worldwide ISR radars will operate on best
  effort basis
• Investigate global ionospheric variability
• Special focus on modeling of this variability
• Extend observations sun-to-Earth to look at solar
  drivers and geospace responses
• Collaborate, if possible, with CPEA again

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Summary Suggestions for CAWSES and IY 2007
Collaborations

• Joint development of data environment worldwide
  campaign analysis tools
• Collaborative effort to collect and archive
  comprehensive sun-to-Earth data sets during IHY.
• NSF contribution Request to run all ISR radars
  opportunistically during magnetic activity
  throughout 2007
• International Space Agency contributions
  Request to make available relevant satellite data
  during as many magnetically active periods as
  possible in 2007
• CAWSES, ICESTAR, CEDAR and other programs
  Recruit coordinate worldwide ground-based
  contributions
• CAWSES Make available the set of new global
  ground-based analysis tools during magnetically
  active periods
• IHY/CAWSES Recruit large-scale model outputs
  assimilative models as part of the archived data
  sets

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Summary Suggestions for CAWSES and IY 2007
Collaborations

• Comprehensive sun-to-Earth data sets would be an
  important worldwide resource and lasting legacy,
  freely available during and after the IHY for
  research efforts aimed at
• Focused science question within the global
  context
• Sun-to-earth system science research issues
• Design of new space missions
• Identifying important gaps in ground-based arrays
• Testing of design concepts for ground-based
  instrument arrays
• Assimilative space weather modeling efforts
• Verification of sun-to-Earth and large-scale
  space weather models
• Testing of predictive capabilities of space
  weather models

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Extra Slides
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Extra Slides
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Theme 1 Solar Influence on Climate Co-Chairs
Michael Lockwood (UK) and Lesley Gray (UK) WG
1.1 Assessment of Evidence for Solar Influence
on Climate Juerg Beer (Switzerland), Lon Hood
(USA), Judith Lean (USA), Augusto Mangini
(Germany), Roddam Narasimha (India), Gerry North
(USA), Ilya Usoskin (Finland), Warren White
(USA). WG 1.2 Investigation of Mechanisms for
Solar Influence on Climate Ulrich Cubasch
(Germany), R. Garcia (USA), Kuni Kodera (Japan),
Jon Kristjansson (Norway), R. Bradley (USA).
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Theme 3 Atmospheric Coupling Processes Co-Chairs
Franz-Josef Luebken (Germany) and Joan Alexander
(USA) WG 3.1 Dynamical Coupling and its Role in
the Energy and Momentum Budget of the Middle
Atmosphere Martin Mlynczak (USA), William Ward
(Canada), David Fritts (USA), Nikolai Gavrilov
(Russia), S. Gurubaran (India), Maura Hagan
(USA), Alan Manson (Canada), Dora Pancheva (UK),
Kauro Sato (Japan), Kazuo Shiokawa (Japan), Hisao
Takahashi (Brazil), Robert Vincent (Australia)
and Yi Fan (China) WG 3.2 Coupling via
Photochemical Effects on Particles and Minor
Constituents in the Upper Atmosphere Martin
Dameris (Germany), Charles Jackman (USA), Ulf
Hoppe (Norway), Manuel Lopez-Puertas (Spain),
Daniel Marsh (USA), James Russell (USA), and
David Siskind (USA) WG 3.3 Coupling by
Electrodynamics including Ionospheric
Magnetospheric Processes Gang Lu (USA), M.
Yamamoto (Japan), Steve Cummer (USA), Peter L.
Dyson (Australia), Inez S. Batista (Brazil),
Archana Bhattacharya (India), Martin Fullekrug
(Germany), and Roland Tsunoda (USA) WG 3.4
Long-Term Trends in Coupling Processes
(inter-connected with 4.4)
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Theme 4 Space Climatology Co-Chairs Claus
Froehlich (Switzerland) and Jan Sojka (USA) WG
4.1 Solar Irradiance Variability Judit Pap (USA)
and Gerard Thuillier (France) WG 4.2 Heliosphere
Near Earth Leif Svalgaard (USA) WG 4.3 Radiation
Belt Climatology Takahiro Obara (Japan) WG 4.4
Long-Term trends in Ionospheric and
Upper-Atmospheric Variability (inter-connected
with 3.4) M. Jarvis (UK) and John Emmert
(USA) Rashid Akmaev (USA), Gufran Beig (India),
Gary Burns (Australia), Jorge Chau (Peru), Alexi
Danilov (Russia), Rick Niciejewski (USA), Henry
Rishbeth (UK), T. Ulich (Finland) and J.
Lastovicka (Czech)