Chapter 1: Matter and Change

1
(No Transcript)
2
Lecture
Chapter 1 Matter and Change Chapter 2
Measurements and Calculations Chapter 3 Atoms
The Building Blocks of Matter Chapter 4
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5 The
Periodic Law Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Chapter
7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical
Compounds Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and
Reactions
3
Lecture
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry Chapter 10 States of
Matter Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 12
Solutions Chapter 13 Ions in Aqueous Solutions
and Colligative Properties Chapter 14 Acids
and Bases Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titration and
pH Chapter 16 Reaction Energy
4
Lecture
Chapter 17 Reaction Kinetics Chapter 18
Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 19
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chapter 20
Electrochemistry Chapter 21 Nuclear
Chemistry Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry Chapter
23 Biological Chemistry
5
Visual Concepts
Chapter 1 Matter and Change Chapter 2
Measurements and Calculations Chapter 3 Atoms
The Building Blocks of Matter Chapter 4
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5 The
Periodic Law Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Chapter
7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical
Compounds Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and
Reactions
6
Visual Concepts
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry Chapter 10 States
of Matter Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 12
Solutions Chapter 13 Ions in Aqueous Solutions
and Colligative Properties Chapter 14 Acids
and Bases Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titration and
pH Chapter 16 Reaction Energy
7
Visual Concepts
Chapter 17 Reaction Kinetics Chapter 18
Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 19
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chapter 20
Electrochemistry Chapter 21 Nuclear
Chemistry Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry Chapter
23 Biological Chemistry
8
Chapter 1 Matter and Change
Visual Concepts

• Chemistry
• Chemical
• Types of Research
• Matter
• Atom
• Element
• Molecule
• Compounds
• Comparing Extensive and Intensive Properties

9
Chapter 1 Matter and Change
Visual Concepts

• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
• Chemical Reaction
• Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
• Comparing Chemical and Physical Changes
• Energy and Chemical Reactions
• Classification Scheme for Matter

10
Chapter 2 Measurements and Calculations
Visual Concepts

• Scientific Method
• Qualitative and Quantitative Data
• Hypothesis
• Models
• SI (Le Systéme International dUnités)
• Volume
• Measuring the Volume of Liquids
• Equation for Density
• Conversion Factor

11
Chapter 2 Measurements and Calculations
Visual Concepts

• Accuracy and Precision
• Significant Figures
• Rules for Determining Significant Zeros
• Rules for Rounding Numbers
• Scientific Notation
• Direct and Inverse Proportions

12
Chapter 3 Atoms The Building Blocks of Matter
Visual Concepts

• Chemical Reaction
• Law of Conservation of Mass
• Law of Definite Proportions
• Law of Multiple Proportions
• Atom
• Parts of the Atom
• Thomsons Cathode-Ray Tube Experiment
• Millikans Oil Drop Experiment

13
Chapter 3 Atoms The Building Blocks of Matter
Visual Concepts

• Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment
• Nuclear Forces
• Atomic Number
• Mass Number
• Isotopes and Nuclides
• Average Atomic Mass
• The Mole
• Avogadros Number
• Molar Mass

14
Chapter 4 Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Visual Concepts

• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Photoelectric Effect
• Quantization of Energy
• Energy of a Photon
• Absorption and Emission Spectra
• Bohr Model of the Atom
• Comparing Models of the Atom
• De Broglie and the Wave-Particle Nature of
  Electrons

15
Chapter 4 Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Visual Concepts

• Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• Electron Cloud
• Quantum Numbers and Orbitals
• Electron Configuration
• Aufbau Principle
• Pauli Exclusion Principle
• Orbital Notation
• Reading Electron-Configuration Notation
• Noble-Gas Notation

16
Chapter 5 The Periodic Law
Visual Concepts

• Periodic Table Overview
• Relating Period Length and Sublevels Filled
• Blocks of the Periodic Table Based on Sublevel
• Atomic Radius
• Ion
• Ionization
• Electron Affinity

17
Chapter 5 The Periodic Law
Visual Concepts

• Comparing Cations and Anions
• Ionic Radius
• Valence Electrons
• Electronegativity

18
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Visual Concepts

• Chemical Bond
• Ionic Bonding
• Covalent Bonding
• Comparing Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
• Using Electronegativity Difference to Classify
  Bonding
• Molecule
• Chemical Formula

19
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Visual Concepts

• Structure of a Water Molecule
• Comparing Monatomic, Diatomic, and Polyatomic
  Molecules
• Bond Length
• Bond Energy
• The Octet Rule
• Electron-Dot Notation
• Lewis Structures
• Lone Pair of Electrons

20
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Visual Concepts

• Structural Formula
• Comparing Single, Double, and Triple Bonds
• Atomic Resonance
• Characteristics of Ion Bonding in a Crystal
  Lattice
• Lattice Energy
• Comparing Ionic and Molecular Compounds

21
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Visual Concepts

• Comparing Monatomic, Polyatomic, and Diatomic
  Structures
• Metallic Bonding
• Properties of Metals Surface Appearance
• Properties of Metals Malleability and Ductility
• Properties of Metals Electrical and Thermal
  Conductivity

22
Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding
Visual Concepts

• VSEPR and Basic Molecular Shapes
• VSEPR and Lone Electron Pairs
• Hybrid Orbitals
• Dipole-Dipole Forces
• Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction
• Hydrogen Bonding
• London Dispersion Force

23
Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical
Compounds
Visual Concepts

• Reading Chemical Formulas
• Naming Monatomic Ions
• Naming Ionic Compounds
• Naming Compounds Using the Stock System
• Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
• Naming Covalently-Bonded Compounds

24
Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical
Compounds
Visual Concepts

• Naming Compounds Using Numerical Prefixes
• Naming Binary Acids
• Naming Oxyacids
• Salt
• Prefixes and Suffixes for Oxyanions and Related
  Acids
• Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers

25
Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical
Compounds
Visual Concepts

• Formula Mass
• The Mole
• Molar Mass
• Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor
• Percentage Composition
• Comparing Molecular and Empirical Formulas

26
Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions
Visual Concepts

• Chemical Equation
• Signs of a Chemical Reaction
• Reading a Chemical Equation
• Symbols Used in Chemical Equations
• Interpreting Chemical Equations
• Balancing a Chemical Equation by Inspection
• Synthesis Reactions

27
Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions
Visual Concepts

• Electrolysis
• Combustion Reaction
• Activity Series

28
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry
Visual Concepts

• Stoichiometry
• Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor
• Conversion of Quantities in Moles
• Mass and Number of Moles of an Unknown
• Mass-Mass Calculations
• Limiting Reactants and Excess Reactants
• Comparing Actual and Theoretical Yield

29
Chapter 10 States of Matter
Visual Concepts

• Kinetic Molecular Theory
• Properties of Gases
• Fluid
• Comparing Diffusion and Effusion
• Diffusion in a Liquid
• Surface Tension
• Capillary Action
• Freezing

30
Chapter 10 States of Matter
Visual Concepts

• Melting Point
• Melting
• Types of Basic Crystalline Systems
• Types of Crystals
• Comparing Cohesion and Adhesion
• Vaporization and Condensation
• Equilibrium
• Equilibrium and Vapor Pressure

31
Chapter 10 States of Matter
Visual Concepts

• Factors Affecting Equilibrium
• Shifts in the Equilibrium Due to the Application
  of Heat
• Comparing Volatile and Nonvolatile Liquids
• Comparing Sublimation and Deposition
• Phase Diagram
• Structure of a Water Molecule

32
Chapter 11 Gases
Visual Concepts

• Pressure
• Equation for Pressure
• Barometer
• Daltons Law of Partial Pressures
• Equation for Daltons Law of Partial Pressures
• Boyles Law
• Equation for Boyles Law
• Charless Law

33
Chapter 11 Gases
Visual Concepts

• Absolute Zero
• Equation for Charless Law
• Gay-Lussacs Law
• Equation for Gay-Lassa's Law
• Equation for the Combined Gas Law
• Combined Gas Law
• Gay-Lussacs Law of Combining Volumes of Gases
• Avogadros Law

34
Chapter 11 Gases
Visual Concepts

• Using Gay-Lussacs Law of Combining Volumes of
  Gases and Avogadros Law to Find Mole Ratios
• Gas Stoichiometry
• Equation for the Ideal Gas Law
• Ideal Gas Law
• Comparing Diffusion and Effusion
• Grahams Law of Effusion
• Equation for Grahams Law of Effusion

35
Chapter 12 Solutions
Visual Concepts

• Solutions
• Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions
• Types of Solutions
• Suspensions
• Colloids
• Emulsions
• Dissolving Process
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
• Solution Equilibrium

36
Chapter 12 Solutions
Visual Concepts

• Solubility of a Solid in a Liquid
• Like Dissolves Like
• Comparing Miscible and Immiscible Liquids
• Pressure, Temperature, and Solubility of Gases
• Henrys Law
• Effervescence
• Concentration
• Preparation of a Solution Based on Molarity
• Comparing Molarity and Molality

37
Chapter 13 Ions in Aqueous Solutions and
Colligative Properties
Visual Concepts

• Rules for Solubility
• Precipitation Reactions
• Net Ionic Equation
• Ionization
• Comparing Dissociation and Ionization
• Hydronium Ion
• Comparing Volatile and Nonvolatile Liquids

38
Chapter 13 Ions in Aqueous Solutions and
Colligative Properties
Visual Concepts

• Freezing-Point Depression
• Boiling-Point Elevation and the Presence of
  Solutes
• Semipermeable Membrane
• Osmosis

39
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases
Visual Concepts

• Properties of Acids
• Naming Oxyacids
• Properties of Bases
• Arrhenius Acids and Bases
• Strength and Weakness of Acids and Bases
• Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
• Comparing Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids

40
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases
Visual Concepts

• Lewis Acids and Bases
• Comparing Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis
  Acids and Bases
• Conjugated Acids and Bases
• Amphoterism
• Neutralization Reaction
• Acid Precipitation
• Chemical Weathering

41
Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titration and pH
Visual Concepts

• pOH
• Comparing pH and pOH
• Antacid

42
Chapter 16 Reaction Energy
Visual Concepts

• Equation for Specific Heat
• Entropy
• Equation for Free-Energy Change
• Relating Enthalpy, Entropy, and Free-Energy
  Changes
• Comparing Enthalpy and Entropy

43
Chapter 17 Reaction Kinetics
Visual Concepts

• Chemical Equation
• Reaction Mechanism
• Activation Energy and Chemical Reactions
• Catalyst
• Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts
• Rate Law
• Rate-Determining Step

44
Chapter 18 Chemical Equilibrium
Visual Concepts

• Equilibrium and Vapor Pressure
• Chemical Equilibrium
• Le Chatelier's Principal
• Factors Affecting Equilibrium
• Common-Ion Effect
• Cation Hydrolysis
• Using Solubility Product Constants
• Solubility Product Constant
• Solubility Product Constant

45
Chapter 19 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Visual Concepts

• Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
• Oxidation
• Reduction
• Half-Reaction Equation
• Rules for the Half-Reaction Method

46
Chapter 20 Electrochemistry
Visual Concepts

• Electrochemical Cell
• Parts of an Electrochemical Cell
• Half-Cell
• Half-Reaction Equation
• Voltaic Cell
• Battery
• Parts of an Acidic and Alkaline Battery
• Electrode Potential

47
Chapter 20 Electrochemistry
Visual Concepts

• Electrolytic Cell
• Electroplating
• Parts of a Rechargeable Cell
• Electrolysis
• Electrosynthesis of Sodium

48
Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Nuclear Binding Energy
• Nuclear Reaction
• Electron Capture
• Comparing Alpha, Beta and Gamma Particles
• Half-Life
• Decay Series
• Parent and Daughter Nuclides
• Rules for Nuclear Decay

49
Chapter 21 Nuclear Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiation
• Radiometric Dating
• Radioactive Tracer
• Nuclear Chain Reaction
• Critical Mass
• Nuclear Fusion

50
Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Catenation
• Saturated Hydrocarbons
• Alkane
• Cycloalkanes
• Naming Unbranched Alkanes
• Alkyl Groups
• Using Prefixes to Name Organic Compounds
• Fractional Distillation in Refineries

51
Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Alkene
• Naming Alkenes
• Alkyne
• Aromatic Hydrocarbon
• Benzene
• Functional Group
• Alcohol

52
Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Alkyl Halide
• Ether
• Types of Amines
• Substitution Reaction
• Addition Reaction
• Elimination Reaction

53
Chapter 23 Biological Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Cation Hydrolysis
• Anion Hydrolysis
• Types of Lipids
• Amino Acid
• Formation of Dipeptides and Polypeptides

54
Chapter 23 Biological Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Proteins
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Enzyme
• Photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll a and b
• Linking Photosynthesis and Respiration
• Comparing ADP and ATP
• Energy Yield in Aerobic Respiration

55
Chapter 23 Biological Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Cellular Respiration
• Nucleic Acid
• Examples of Nucleotides
• DNA Overview
• Gene
• DNA Replication
• Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
• Comparing DNA and RNA

56
Chapter 23 Biological Chemistry
Visual Concepts

• Types of RNA
• Genetic Code
• Genetic Engineering
• DNA Fingerprint
• Making a DNA Fingerprint
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Cloning
• Using Plasmids to Produce Insulin

57
Image Bank
Chapter 1 Matter and Change Chapter 2
Measurements and Calculations Chapter 3 Atoms
The Building Blocks of Matter Chapter 4
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5 The
Periodic Law Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Chapter
7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical
Compounds Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and
Reactions
58
Image Bank
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry Chapter 10 States
of Matter Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 12
Solutions Chapter 13 Ions in Aqueous Solutions
and Colligative Properties Chapter 14 Acids
and Bases Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titration and
pH Chapter 16 Reaction Energy
59
Image Bank
Chapter 17 Reaction Kinetics Chapter 18
Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 19
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chapter 20
Electrochemistry Chapter 21 Nuclear
Chemistry Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry Chapter
23 Biological Chemistry
60
Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 1 Matter and Change Chapter 2
Measurements and Calculations Chapter 3 Atoms
The Building Blocks of Matter Chapter 4
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms Chapter 5 The
Periodic Law Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding Chapter
7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical
Compounds Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and
Reactions
61
Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 9 Stoichiometry Chapter 10 States
of Matter Chapter 11 Gases Chapter 12
Solutions Chapter 13 Ions in Aqueous Solutions
and Colligative Properties Chapter 14 Acids
and Bases Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titration and
pH Chapter 16 Reaction Energy
62
Standardized Test Prep
Chapter 17 Reaction Kinetics Chapter 18
Chemical Equilibrium Chapter 19
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chapter 20
Electrochemistry Chapter 21 Nuclear
Chemistry Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry Chapter
23 Biological Chemistry