Module 8

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Module 8

• Burn Emergencies

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Burns

• 1 million people in the United States are burned
  each year
• 40,000 children hospitalized each year
• 1,000 deaths

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Burn prevention

• Prevention measures
• Set your hot water heater below 120 degrees
• Keep children away from heat sources
• When cooking, use the back burners
• Turn all pan handles inward

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Burn prevention

• Use covers on electrical outlets
• Install smoke detectors and keep them in working
  order
• Do not leave matches where children can find them
• Leave fireworks to the professionals

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Burns

• Burns result in pain, and can lead to infection
  and cardiovascular shock.
• They are most serious when victims are very young
  or very old.
• The severity of a burn depends upon its size,
  location, and depth.

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First degree

• Outer layer of skin
• Dry, red and painful
• 
  

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Second degree

• Middle layer of skin
• Thin, wet blisters painful

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Third degree

• Last layer of skin
• White, charred, leathery

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Determining the Seriousness of the Burn

• By degree of the burn
• By Percentage of the body burned
• By location of the burn
• By age of the patient

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Burns requiring hospital transport

• Burns associated with the airway or that cause
  trouble breathing
• Burns covering more than one body part
• Third degree burns covering more than 10 of the
  body surface
• Second degree burns covering more than 30 of the
  body surface

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Moderate Burns

• Moderate burns include
• Third degree burns of 2 to 10 of the body
  surface excluding face, hands, and feet
• Second degree burns of 15 to 30 of the body
  surface
• First degree burns of 50 to 75 of the body
  surface

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Critical Burns

• Burns that extend circumferentially around an
  extremity or the torso
• Burns to the head, neck, hands, feet or genitals
• Burns to children less than 5 years of age or to
  adults over 55 years of age
• Burns resulting from chemicals, explosions, or
  electricity

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Burn Treatment

• The most important thing to do is to keep
  yourself from getting burned and then stop the
  burning process.

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Thermal Burns

• Stop the burning. Remove the patient from the
  heat source.
• Check ABCs
• Cool the burn with cold water
• Cover the burn with a sterile pad or clean sheet
• Treat for cardiovascular shock (maintain body
  temperature)
• Activate EMS or take victim to the nearest
  medical facility.

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Chemical Burns

• Flush the skin with water for 20-30 minutes.
• Remove contaminated clothing. Avoid spreading
  the chemical to unaffected areas.
• If the patients eyes are involved, flush the
  eyes continuously with water until medical help
  is obtained. Remove contact lenses, if possible,
  but do not delay flushing the eyes.

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Chemical Burns

• Check breathing.
• Stop bleeding.
• Cover the burn with a sterile pad or clean sheet.
• Treat for cardiovascular shock (maintain body
  temperature).
• Activate EMS or take victim to the nearest
  medical facility.

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Electrical Burns

• The electricity commonly enters in one place and
  leaves the body in another therefore, there are
  two external burn sites and possibly internal
  burns that follow the track of the electricity
• Respiratory and cardiac arrest are common with
  electric shock

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Electrical Burns

• Turn the current off at the source (breaker or
  fuse box).
• Check breathing. Stop bleeding.
• Cover the burn with a sterile pad or clean sheet.
• Treat for cardiovascular shock (maintain body
  temperature).
• Activate EMS or take victim to the nearest
  medical facility.

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1. What is a thermal burn caused by?

• Acid
• Sun
• Live wire
• Dry ice

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2. Critical burns include all of the following
except

• Burns to the head
• Burns to teenagers
• Burns to the airway
• Resulting from chemicals

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3. Never treat burns by..

• Applying ointment
• Removing singed clothing
• Touching victim that is attached to electrical
  wire
• Covering a burn with a sterile cloth

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4. Which is not an example of a Critical Burn?

• Burns on a child under five years.
• Burns on 2-10 of the body
• Burns to head, neck, hands feet, or genitals
• Burns from chemicals

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5. How long should you flush a burn with water?

• 20 30 min
• 5 10 min
• 30 40 min
• 10 20 min