Pathogenic bacteria worth mentioning

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Pathogenic bacteria worth mentioning
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• Enterococcus E. faecium, E. faecalis
• Formerly part of Group D Strep, found in GI tract
• Cause of nosocomial, wound infections
• Antibiotic resistant. Gram positive cocci.
• Listeria monocytogenes, Gram rod
• Portal of entry is food or drink,Esp. meat, dairy
  products. Check for recalls.
• http//www.fda.gov/ora/compliance_ref/recalls/list
  eria.htm
• Severe infections in pregnant women/fetuses,
  newborns, elderly, immunocompromised

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Bacillus

• Bacillus very common Gram rods
• Present in soil, most non-pathogenic
• All form endospores when nutrient limited
• Bacillus cereus cause of GI distress
• Emetic and diarrheal toxins badly stored rice
• Bacillus anthracis cause of anthrax
• 3 protein toxin that is lethal
• Zoonotic primarily disease of livestock
• Acquired by ingestion, inhalation, and cutaneous

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3 causes of meningitis

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Gram coccus in pairs capsules
• Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Gram negative coccus coffee bean shaped in pairs
• Skin rash, sudden high fever dangerous
• Hemophilus influenzae gram negative short rod
• mostly respiratory infections and meningitis and
  epiglottitis in very young. Hib vaccine protects
• All 3 Carried as normal microbiota by many
• Capsule is major virulence factor

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• Corynebacterium diphtheriae Gram rod
• cause of disease diphtheria
• Colonizes the throat, with inflammation, fever
• Toxin inhibits protein synthesis, kills cells
• Vaccination (DPT) humans are only host.
• Bordetella pertussis, small Gram negative rod
• cause of whooping cough, respiratory infections
• Disease stages incubation, catarrhal, paroxysmal
• Coughing and inhalation whoop
• DPT vaccine used to control disease

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• Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gram negative rod
• dangerous opportunist with many virulence factors
• major problems burn patients and cystic
  fibrosis
• Cause of swimmers ear, hot tub infections, etc.
• Resistant to most disinfectants and antibiotics
• Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete (Gram -)
• cause of Lyme disease
• Reservoir in rodents, deer spread by deer tick
• Slow developing fever, usually bulls-eye rash
  arthritis and heart or CNS involvement.

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Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

• Mycoplasmas have unusual properties
• Very small, odd shapes (cocci to filaments)
• Have no cell walls, sterols in their membranes
• M. pneumoniae,
• M. pneumo attaches to epithelial cells, kills
  them
• Fever, malaise, sore throat, etc. walking
  pneumonia
• Ureaplasma urealyticum
• Sexually transmitted, cause of urethritis
• Same for M. genitalium

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Two infamous STDs

• Nesseria gonorrhoeae cause of gonorrhea
• Females often asymptomatic or urethritis, PID
• Males painful purulent discharge from urethra
• infections anywhere sexual contact occurs
• Eye infection of newborns, routine antibiotic Rx
• Treponema pallidum cause of syphilis
• 2-3 stage disease begins with chancre
• chancre disappears, spirochete spreads, causes
  systemic disease (rash, fever, etc)
• Either goes away, comes back, or tertiary
  syphilis in which gummas form serious stage.

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About Chlamydia, gonorrhea infections

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) infection and
  inflammation of the upper genital tract in women.
  Affects the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries.
  Scarring can lead to infertility, tubal (ectopic)
  pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, abscesses, and
  other serious problems. PID is the most common
  preventable cause of infertility in the United
  States.