The Skeletal System

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The Skeletal System

• Section 32.1

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The Skeleton Structure

• Helps maintain shape
• Axial skeleton supports central axis of body.
• Rib cage, skull, vertebral column.
• Appendicular skeleton
• Arms, legs, pelvis, shoulders.

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The Skeleton Function

• Supports body
• Protects internal organs
• Assists movement
• Stores minerals
• Forms blood cells

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Bones Structure

• Consist of
• Living cells
• Protein fibers
• Surrounded by calcium salts

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Bones Development

• Starts as cartilage in-vitro
• Ossification occurs 7 months before birth.
• Mineral deposits replace cartilage.
• Bones have growth plate at the tips.
• Will eventually ossify and growth stops.

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Bones Remodeling and Repair

• Bones continuously rebuilt/remodeled.
• Osteoblasts
• Old bone replaced by new.
• Osteoclasts

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Joints

• Place where one or more bones meet.
• Contain connective tissue that hold bones
  together.
• Bones move without damaging each other.

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Joints Types

• Immovable
• Slightly moveable
• Freely moveable

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Joints Structure

• Freely moveable
• Cartilage covers surface where two bones meet.
• Surrounded by fibrous joint capsule.
• Has ligaments (outer) hold bones together
• Synovial (inner) allows for sliding

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Joints Injuries

• ACL ligament tear.
• Located between femur and tibia.
• Damage can occur by rapid pivoting, leaping,
  forceful contacts.
• Inflammation by excessive strain
• Osteoarthritis
• Wear and tear
• Cartilage breaks down