The Microscope

1
The Microscope

• Mr. Ryan
• 6th Grade

2
The History

• Many people experimented with making microscopes
• Was the microscope originally made by accident?
  (Most people were creating telescopes)
• The first microscope was 6 feet long!!!
• The Greeks Romans used lenses to magnify
  objects over 1000 years ago.

3
The History

• Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland in the
  1590s created the first compound microscope
• Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke made
  improvements by working on the lenses

Robert Hooke 1635-1703
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723
Hooke Microscope
4
The History
The First Microscope
Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631
5
How a Microscope Works
Convex Lenses are curved glass used to make
microscopes (and glasses etc.)
Convex Lenses bend light and focus it in one spot.
6
How a Microscope Works
Ocular Lens (Magnifies Image)
Objective Lens (Gathers Light, Magnifies And
Focuses Image Inside Body Tube)
Body Tube (Image Focuses)

• Bending Light The objective (bottom) convex lens
  magnifies and focuses (bends) the image inside
  the body tube and the ocular convex (top) lens
  of a microscope magnifies it (again).

7
The Parts of a Microscope
8
Ocular Lens
Body Tube
Nose Piece
Arm
Objective Lenses
Stage
Stage Clips
Coarse Adj.
Diaphragm
Fine Adjustment
Light Source
Base
Skip to Magnification Section
9
Body Tube

• The body tube holds the objective lenses and the
  ocular lens at the proper distance

Diagram
10
Nose Piece

• The Nose Piece holds the objective lenses and can
  be turned to increase the magnification

Diagram
11
Objective Lenses

• The Objective Lenses increase magnification
  (usually from 10x to 40x)

Diagram
12
Stage Clips

• These 2 clips hold the slide/specimen in place on
  the stage.

Diagram
13
Diaphragm

• The Diaphragm controls the amount of light on the
  slide/specimen

Turn to let more light in or to make dimmer.
Diagram
14
Light Source

• Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the
  specimen and the lenses
• Some have lights, others have mirrors where you
  must move the mirror to reflect light

Diagram
15
Ocular Lens/Eyepiece

• Magnifies the specimen image

Diagram
16
Arm

• Used to support the microscope when carried.
  Holds the body tube, nose piece and objective
  lenses

Diagram
17
Stage

• Supports the slide/specimen

Diagram
18
Coarse Adjustment Knob

• Moves the stage up and down (quickly) for
  focusing your image

Diagram
19
Fine Adjustment Knob

• This knob moves the stage SLIGHTLY to sharpen the
  image

Diagram
20
Base

• Supports the microscope

Diagram
21
Magnification
22
Magnification

• To determine your magnificationyou just multiply
  the ocular lens by the objective lens
• Ocular 10x Objective 40x10 x 40 400

So the object is 400 times larger
Objective Lens have their magnification written
on them.
Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x
23
Caring for a Microscope

• Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue
• Make sure its on a flat surface
• Dont bang it
• Carry it with 2 HANDSone on the arm and the
  other on the base

24
Carry a Microscope Correctly
25
Using a Microscope

• Start on the lowest magnification
• Dont use the coarse adjustment knob on high
  magnificationyoull break the slide!!!
• Place slide on stage and lock clips
• Adjust light source (if its a mirrordont stand
  in front of it!)
• Use fine adjustment to focus

26
References

• http//www.cerebromente.org.br/n17/history/neurons
  1_i.htm
• Google Images
• http//science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope1
  .htm

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